Sex Tourism And Child Sex Tourism In Bangkok Sociology Essay

wind up Tourism And tyke switch on Tourism In Bangkok Sociology EssayA smirchulate nigh Negative Impacts and Positive Impacts of conjure Tourism and Child Sex Tourism in Bangkok, Siameseland. Abstract This proposal conducts a study ab protrude the ban and positive impacts of provoke touristry and boor rouse touristry in Bangkok, Thailand. The study go forth mention the problems and benefits Bangkok, Thailand is experiencing done charge up touristry and tiddler raise touristry. at that place volition be three chapters, in the first chapter, at that place entrust be a short ingress of braceuality tourism and the study in general, what ar the problems the study go away regard at, the assumption obtained from the study and conceptual frame expire from various authors. then the second chapter consist of literature review of the chosen topic and closing except non least the last chapter, methodology, a inquiry image bequeath be carried out, which ac commodate questionnaires, sample frame, data collection and depth psychology procedure.IntroductionSex tourism and minor conjure up tourism fox been stentorian in the last past freshly years. It has been sensation of the master(prenominal) sources of frugal in Thailand, when people think of devolve on tourism and minor end up tourism Thailand would be whizz of the first countries that pop out into peoples mind. However, thither is unendingly a bad side to it. Sex tourism and babe waken tourism could be bad to the confederation and morality.In this analysis, in that location ordain be a study approximately negative impacts and positive impacts of wind up activity tourism in Bangkok, Thailand. What ar the benefits it brings to the country and what be the damages it elbow greases?Current situation of the conjure up manufacturing in Thailand jibe to Far eastern Economic review (2009) due to the current economic slump, hundreds of factories and projects ente rtain shut down across Thailand, causing countless histrions both Thai and foreign unemployed. The estimate f both is approximately 100 000 thespians a month and it might jump up to 1.5 meg by the rest of the year. yet though they built up such(prenominal) and much uneducated manufactory develop outs, however the wage is ten to twenty cartridge h octogenarianers cut back than the pay of the lowest provoke worker employed at beer veto (Ashoka). on that pointfore close to women would bring to be a brace worker instead of factory worker. numerous of them be having double lives and clasping their employment hidden from their families. yet close to of them get treated badly, they silently lose and tole tramp with it be aim they need property to support them and their family and they know there is always a ready group of paltryer migrants that be availcapable to replace them any era.Sex tourism in Thailand is a colourful industry, where u could almost accep t anything you are come outing for pertaining sex. They admit from rail ats, escorts, trans familiars, show girls, bird boy show, go-go bars, clubs and abrade parlors to ping pong show. More and more(prenominal) thrilling frolics are personnel casualty in the market to lust more tourists to Bangkok, Thailand, Asias Red District. near of the girls working(a) as a pervert or hookers john be be easily in red district empyreans. Most of them are sexy, snug and fun and earth-closet speak English. They can spend every(prenominal) evening, solely week with the customers if both parties rack up on the price but they can be a bit bitchy too if the customer is stingy. to the highest degree girls they go out name the price but whatever are shy, they direct on the generosity of the customers. The cost of Bangkok perverts can be ranged from meter baht (short time) to 6000 baht. However for the girls who work in the bar, the customer has to pay a bar fine sooner he can armament her inhabitancy with him, a fine should be nigh 200 to cholecalciferol baht depend on the place. An entertainment show the likes of a lady boy show cost a customer around 550 baht. But, for pincer prostitute, a customer can get a child with 30 baht.Problem directionSex tourism and child sex tourism, it has give-up the ghost one of the most attractive type of tourism in this new-fangled world. More and more people are going for sex tourism and they do non feel shy or embarrassing to coincide they travel for sex experiences. Sex tourism and child sex tourism can bring a lot of gold to the country and job opportunities to people directly or indirectly but however, due to the immobile growing of the industry sex tourism and child sex tourism waste brought more misleading consequences and damages. Sex trafficking, sex disdain and diseases. at once the victims are traded or trafficked, the traffickers will cultivate sure they have transact control oer the victi ms, leave them no proper(ip)s or freedom over their own bodies thus enslaving them to the sex industry world. Furthermore, they will leave the victims so psychologi prefigurey and physiologicly abused that they do non dare to decease away. They put dept bondage on them and force them to pay back before they could leave the sex trade. According to ECPAT, studies have shown that a child prostitute can serve among two to thirty clients per week, which can be estimated among 100 to 1500 clients per year and some(prenominal) of them are below 10 years old (Nair, no date). Most of them are still so five-year-old and they do non know what really is going on, all they know is get a line to the orders else they would be beaten or leftover starve. The victims that are engaged in sex industry have both their psychic and physical psychological affected. Their alert condition is bad and their meals are atypical and non healthy and they rarely receive treatment when they are tired of(p) further until it gets too serious. Not to mention STD, HIV/AIS, according to a research, HIV positive rates are 42% to 54% among sex workers and the percentage will growth in the future. Apart from that, they suffer from exhaustion, infections and violence. If they do not work hard and earn enough funds they would be punish. Most of them would feel scared, hopeless, depression and low self-assertion since they do not know who to run to for help or protect. Few are bodacious enough to run away but most of them will choose drugs and suicide to forget and reduce the suffering.Every problem has backgrounds croupe it, so do sex trafficking, sex trade and the diseases. The demand with lenient laws on prostitution has pushed Thailand sex industries grow faster and stronger. The more unique demands stream in the fracture the usefulnesss and the greater surprises would be provided. So there will not be any haul for it. Go in hand with it it is the poverty and pagan percep tion. Thai believes in working as sex worker is their only choice and what their ancestor did so they keep faith in it. In addition, there are too some(prenominal) poor families in Thailand and they have very little education and skills in them so they would not earn much if they work in factory or restaurant compare existence as a sex worker. look into QuestionsHere are some research questions that I will look into for my proposalWhether Thai political sympathies advisely promotes sex tourism to drive Thai discipline growth?What are the reasons for not legalizing sex tourism in Thailand?Why Thailand should not recitation child sex tourism?What are the damages sex tourism and child sex tourism have caused to Thailand?What are the benefits sex industries bring to the country?Research ObjectivesThe research objective of this study is to summon out the answers for the questions mentioned above.To investigate whether Thai government designingly promotes sex tourism to drive Tha i national growth.To investigate the reasons for not legalizing sex tourism in Thailand.To investigate the reasons why Thailand should not practice child sex tourism.To do a research on the damages sex tourism and child sex tourism have caused to Thailand.To realize out the benefits sex industries bring to the country.Hypothesis StatementIn this statement, a requirement to determine the significant relationship between the cause and effect of sex tourism is recommended. The hypothesis should be able to predict the relationship between the variables.Sex industry in Thailand increases the number of child prostitutes.The intercourse between sex worker and customer could cause STD and other(a) diseases.The existence of sex tourism does increase the number of STD patients. homo trafficking will increase as the demand for sex tourism and child sex tourism increase.Theoretical/ Conceptual FrameworkFigure 1 The trafficking triangle.The conceptual framework above was knowing by Phinney (n o date), the author designed a relationship between summate, demand and impunity with human trafficking. The author shows a relationship between them which helps human trafficking activities develop and growth. When there is demand, there will be supply since there are purchasers who demand for it and due to demand, supply and lenient law the traffickers take it as their advantage to traffic more and more women and children. In some other hand, supply is the most visible factors among the three. The drives empennage it contribute significant reasons for more trafficking to happen, poverty, unemployment, threaten and dream of a damp life, etc. And then impunity, since sex tourism injects a lot of property to the country economy, so the government often close one plaza unless a victim is caught and agree to report, else they would let the situation going on until it is get out of control.Figure 2 Reasons/drivers for inner activity along a continuum of volition.This conceptual framework was conducted by Weissman (2006). This research concentrates in the cake of HIV among the youth, especially the girls and the reasons why young people engage in the sexuality activity. The framework above shows the drivers of 2 different points of view, one is by strained and the other is by volunteer. He believes there are reasons back end for young girls volunteer themselves in having relationship with older man or another boy her age. It might due to emotional protective cover, material security like gift or money, or for the pleasure during the intercourse or it was due to the ambition for power, social status, and an escape for a soften life. Whereas for the young girls who are strained, the main reason is because of money, most of them have financial problems or they have been threatened by other to turn themselves as prostitute. Even though, his point here is to educate them, either they are forced or offered themselves spontaneously they should protect them selves to avoid HIV/AIDS or other STD infections.Scope and LimitationsScope I choose Thailand for my topic is due to its booming now in the world and of its unique nature functions. Everyone knows about Thailand as one of the hubs for sex tourism and also the range of services they provide, as long there is a demand for it, Thailand will not foil the customers.Limitation Being students, we have a lot of limitations, we do not get a lot of help and support that we seek for. Most of the time, we can only get the information through journals and perhaps peoples suasion through internet and not directly from the source. For instance, one of my research questions I ask about Whether Thai government purposely promotes sex tourism to drive Thai national growth? Due to my limitation, it is almost inconceivable for me to get a chance to have an interview with the government people. I will not be able to get an audience with them. anyways that, there are money issues, time restraints and limited resources, for research experiment, I need to conduct surveys or questionnaires to the people that are concerned complicate sex workers, pimps, traffickers, victims, etc but I do not have time, resources and money to go to Thailand to do so. In addition, a GPD is needed to prove the richness of sex tourism in Thailand economic but most of the time the country do not give fully information about it, because there are so more illegal parties going on in Thailand sex industry. Apart from that, I need to identify the repair of the technical sex markets and the places where all the activities occurred.Significance of the studyThe main reason why I choose this topic to write about is to alarum the world and circulate them what sex tourism and child sex tourism is all about. umpteen people have very vague ideas of the industry and how it truly works. Most of them only look at how they want sex industry to be and they totally ignore the bad effects behind it. For instance, sex shows, do the tourists even think about the girls who are doing it, how they actually think or feel or whether they were forced to do it for something call money or threaten by the brothels or traffickers. Does human right even exist in this context? And human trafficking, many an(prenominal) women and children have been trafficked, traded or sell but no one seems to try to stop it but they just close one eye. ECPAT estimates there are more than one million children worldwide that are engaged in sex trade each year. Poverty, cultural perception and demand are the main reasons that make the industry grow faster and stronger. Whenever there is a demand, there will be supply as many people are unemployed and most of them are in financial crisis. However, people are neglected what might hunt them afterwards, the diseases, the psychological effects and their unsure future.CHAPTER twain2.1 IntroductionSex tourism involves travel across national or international borders in order to t ake part in a non-reproductive sexual encounter. The sexual encounter may be with an great(p) or minor, man, women, transsexual or transvestite. It must involve an exchange of money or material goodlys for a sexual act (Ward, 2010).According to ECPAT (2008), child sex tourism (CTS) is defined as Sexual exploitation of children by a person or persons who travel from their home district, home geographical region, or home country in order to have sexual butt with children.Gregg (2003) stated that sex itself constitutes a social structure, emerging from desire, poverty, and gender inequalities that change men to drink, be violent, and fornicate openly, but sanction women to suffer embodied and linguistically. Womens pursuit of security with at best quasi-monogamous primary partners heightens their exposure to bearings and STDs but also their honor in the eyes of the community. Pursuing liberdade (freedom) instead with seven-fold partners expands their options but risks social appr obation, dampened marital prospects, and cancer. Sexism, racism, colonial exploitation, and academic research speculative misconceptions of fe phallicness and sexuality that endanger their health. Cervical cancer is absurdly idiotic with metaphoric potential.The origin of sex tourism as a orbiculate industry may be traced back to Asia during Vietnam War against America. In Thailand, sex tourism started to have its new path after Vietnam War in late 1950s. It has gained its popularity in every way. During the war, American used Thailand as their beastly and a place for recreation and rest for American soldiers, which the soldiers themselves called II, it stands for intercourse and intoxication. During their layover on, many brothels, clubs, bars and massage parlors were formed and they boosted up Thai economic it contributed around $16 million into Thai economy annually (Phoenix, 1991). From then, it has become one of the main sources of economic in Thailand. In order to satis fy and increase the demand, Thai government legitimated the Entertainment Act which allowed the operations of all forms of entertainment to serve the military. Then the government kept encouraging the development of sex industry openly to increase the revenues from the prostitution business. At the akin time, many rumours were spreading about the cheap available sex in southeastern Asia that many curious men had to go and witness themselves. In another rallying cry, American soldiers transformed topical anaesthetic prostitution markets into massive prostitution industries.on board with it, child sex tourism was developing. It was all due to the lack of child protection laws and regulation of child prostitution but above all, it was the cause of poverty.2.2 What drives sex tourism?So what drives sex tourism in Thailand? Many studies have been carried out to identify the reasons that drive sex tourism in Thailand. Many exbroadcastations have been pointed out like the poverty, the government policies, the demand from the tourists, the cultural perception, and in addition the low cost and the unique services that they can provide the customers.Firstly, the poverty, one of the major problems in Thailand, except for the big cities, many rural area and un-development districts are very poor. Added to it, they do not plan birth control, so many poor families have 4 to 5 children which just make their situation worse. Many are struggling to find a way to support their family. Alternatively, in another case, where the family is in debt and they are threatened to pay for it or they fail their agriculture or farm work and they need money to cover for it. Many parents have sold their children to pay for the debt. So when the agents tactfully approach the families, most of the family would trade their daughter for money and let them become sex workers. Not only that, many married women who then become widowed or left by their husbands and have their children to take ca re of, they do not have much options. It also includes many young girls that fed up of living in a life with no future they are willing to trade everything for a better life. Many of them are exposed through television receiver how a luxury easy life should be, the feeling of being rich, the ability to buy expensive beautiful things. And then they get influenced by their friends or follow the lead of the oldest among them, believing by becoming a prostitute they could change and become rich. Moreover, for them, foreigners equal to money, a gateway for a better life and a ticket to over-sea where they can experience what they deserve. Whether they are on business or leisure most of the time they could pay more than the average local clients or if the girl is lucky they could become their yellowish brown and have a better life. For the girls, becoming a prostitute for them is one of the easiest options to achieve what they want.In 2006, a study shows the annual turnover rate of sex industry in Thailand is around US$ 43 one thousand million per year, which is equivalent to one third of Thai economy. Daily around 4.6 million Thai men demand for prostitutes and yearly number of foreign tourists is 500 000 and most of them come from wealthy countries like America or Europe. befog government is another factor that encourages the growth of the industry, however the amount of money they receive from the industry is much more than the other industries which contribute the refinement of prostitutions. This is the main reason why sex tourism in Thailand expands the government wants the money it contributes to the country. Even though the government does not advertise it openly but most of the time they close one eye on most of activities sex industries do. In addition, lack of employment opportunities and vast income gaps between developing world on the one hand combined with local and international demand for commercial sexual services on the other, impact to crea te the push and pull factors forcing women and children onto prostitution.Then, the cultural perception, from long ago, Thai positive(p) that in the family the oldest daughter supposes to support the family by earning money, the second help the family by doing the chores, taking care of the family and the younger one receives the education. So in most Thai families, the oldest one is often encourage going to bigger urban center to find job to support the family. For them it is a sense a transaction or obligation to their parents, to share the familys burden. If they come from village or have little education or no work skills, they have only little choice but become a sex worker as it is the only job that helps them to earn fast money with good pay. Moreover, many Thai women believe prostitution will protect them from getting raped and working as a prostitute is less corrupting than working in the factory or fast viands restaurants. There is also Thai society placed on virginit y, which is meant to be bear on for ones husband. However, the belief is backfired, for instance, among rape cases after the girls lose their virginity they think they do not have any value anymore, so the only choice left for them is to become a sex worker.There are also cultural and sociological factors that affect children way of thinking. They are expected to listen to all the rules set by the adults, disobedient is an act that cannot be tolerated and they can be punished for it. withal that, with a historical legacy of foreign imperialism and the social hierarchy such a system had fostered, children become vulnerable to adult predators, precisely those who are foreign.Thirdly, the demand, mainly the demand for sex tourism and child sex tourism is from male customers, especially from wealthy, genuine nations and the fact that commercial sex is considered a male right in a male dominant commodity culture contribute a lot to this demand. Even though, the majority of sex touris ts are male but there are still female who travel for sex and child sex tourism.Thailand is know for providing good services with reasonable price. In addition, Western men are often attracted to Asian womens characteristics, for instance, their hair, the features, the way they talk or their graceful movements. Besides that, the nature of services is different too, for example, for them, sexual services are unremarkably bought the same way as normal commercial goods, both parties agree on the price for a specific task, and then the services will be delivered. After the service, they do not longer expect the prostitute to cuddle or act as their lover after sex but leave them after it. But compare to Asian women, some of them even cook, clean their room for the customers after the service and do not ask for extra money. They like the way they are treated by Asian women. Therefore, the demand from the tourists will keep increase and not decrease.Many people believe that sex tourism is not an exploitative practice and the children and female workers who are involved in the industry are willing and decide to choose this type of job for themselves. The idea of the workers being forced never cross their mind, because most of the time sex workers always look cheerful and smiling in front of sex tourists. Another coarse belief among sex tourists is that they think they are helping the victims financially. They believe by giving the victim money and gifts in exchange for sexual service they have helped the poor child and his or her family out of poverty. One of child sex tourists verbalise On this trip, I had sex with a 14 year old girl and a 15 year old I am helping them financially. If they dont have sex with me, they may not have enough food. If someone has a problem with me doing this, let UNICEF eat up them. Ive never paid more than $20 to these young women and that allows them to eat for a week. It may be true what the child sex tourist said but where is the moral behind it. It then leads to another reason why third world countries have a high demand for sex tourism, racist. Many sex tourists hold a strong view about them being superior than other people compare to their own and have sexual activities with younger girls in those countries consider acceptable than it is in developed world (The testimonial Project, 2007). When there is a demand there will be supply. As Pavena Hongsakula, a Minister in the Prime Ministers subroutine in 1999 wrote to The Bangkok Post, The Thai government does not and will not condone sex tourism. Although sex tours may bring in some foreign currencies, they are against all the moral principles we believe in. The sexual service business is an internal problem that we are trying to curb, but positive the supply will not help much if the demand keeps gushing(a) in.Furthermore, Thailand is known as the Land of Smile, they reassure they would provide whichever services that are asked from the customers and it would exceed what they expect from. For instance, Ping pong shows which refers as human zoo tourism, MacKinnon said, Pornography of Asian women sold in the West has been almost merely pornography of torture, this is just presenting that in the flesh. In the show, women have to do ridiculous terrible things, from eels to snakes to catfish, it is hurt to watch but for western men it is a form of entertainment. One tourist commented on the Ping Pong show, said, Its like a form of art, these women are really talented. Theyre making money the same way any other athlete makes money. The tourists really do not care much about the value of the sex workers and they have no respects or sympathy towards them.2.3 Child Sex TourismThere are two types of child sex tourists, one travel for a short period and they will come back to their home country, the later, they stay in the destination and travel around those neighbor countries too, most of the time they would apply for a job. However, mo st of them tend to travel independently to the chosen destination. They learn about the places through internet, forum chat or word of mouth. They also have specialized websites where they could post on the updates of information, advices and experiences of different destinations. In the websites they have chat room where they can discuss and suggest each other. Once they are in the destination, they could get more information through taxis drivers, advertisements, hotels or bars to gain the access to child prostitution. Otherwise, for instance, in Cambodia, they find their victim by working around the neighbourhood, beach area, riverside where the poor children are living on the street, begging or selling souvenirs. To make their first move, they will give the kids gifts, candies, meals or jewellery (The Protection Project, 2007). In many other places, the children will seek the paedophiles by themselves in the area where foreigners are known to congregate, or the pimps will approa ch the tourists for negotiating. Then those who stay for longer period of time and travel back and forth deep down the region of interest or take up residence with the purpose of abuse children. For instance, they travel to Thailand then move on to Cambodia or Philippines and eluding back to Thailand for renew visa purpose or other circumstances. Reports from southeastward Asia, Central America and Africa all pointed out that most of them often look for employment as English teachers, helping workers or similar occupations to be possessed of easy access to the children. For instance, they would come in close contacts with the victims even his or her family, so the family would somehow depends financial on them because while abusing they would provide the family money or gifts. Many other cases occurred where the foreigner adopts the child and claims he would take care of the child but in reality, he is using the child for abusing and sexuality purposes. In addition, there is als o tour operators that organize sex tour to Thailand, most of them always promise the customer the finest girls they could find in Thailand but there is no guaranteed whether the girls are not underage (The Protection Project, 2007).In 2006, studies conduct by Thai government and NGOs of Thailand report there is approximately 30 000 to 40 000 prostitutes are below the age of 18 that are exploited in the commercial sex industry in Thailand. (World vision 2007)2.4 Human TraffickingAccording to the UN protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the UN Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, human trafficking means the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring or receipt of persons by means of the threat or use of force or other forms of coercion of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability, or of the giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve c ombine of a person having control over another person, for the purpose of exploitation. growth shall include, at a minimum, the exploitation of the prostitution of others or other forms of sexual exploitation, forced labor or services, thrall or practices similar or slavery, servitude or the removal or organs.In 2003, 177 of 257 cases of suspected human trafficking reported by the DATJP were receiver through the Hotline. In 2005 the hotline received over 700 calls, which indicates the poem of human trafficking is increasing and the authority cannot do much to stop them.Sex trafficking in another word is modern day form of slavery in which the victims are forced, fraud or coercion in sex act. Victims of sex trafficking can be anyone, women or men, girls or boys but broadly are women and young girls. Due to the lack of knowledge and hardship of purpose employment from newly industrialized cities in Thailand, many of them rely on trafficking illegal immigrants to work as sex slave s. Many women and children are being sold by parents, lovers into sex trade or being kidnapped by traffickers. And many others naively agree to migrate with traffickers in hope of having better life in another country, financial opportunities that are promised or a false marriage proposal that turns into a bondage situation (ACF, 2008). Unfortunately, a couple of(prenominal) of them aware of the life that they are going to live in, bad food and living condition, low wages, sexual abuse, as well as the physical force and psychological control by traffickers. For instance, a study of post trafficked women in Europe reports 95% of victims interviewed experienced physical or sexual violence while they were in trafficking situation. Sex trafficking victims are forced to work for many different forms of commercial sexual exploitation such as prostitution, pornography, stripping, or live sex shows. To keep the victims under control, the traffickers put a lot of rack and threat on them. T he TVPA (2008) identifies that traffickers use psychological, physical pressure and bondage to keep the victims under control. Psychological and physical abuse include treats of serious harm to or physical restraint against the victims, added to it they use intent and pattern intended to bring the victims to believe that if they do not listen or fail in performing a task, the consequences would be in serious pain. The victims would be lie about the debt bondage, the trafficker will tell the victims about them owning a certain amount of money from the travelling and living expenses where they need to pay the dept in order to leave (ACF, 2008). The victims would be punished severely if they do not listen or try to escape. The traffickers will not care whether the victim is a lady or a child, whoever does not listen to them will be treated very badly, which includes beating, threats of violence, rape, starvation, forced drug use, isolation, intimidation and emotion manipulation. As th e result, regardless of the symptoms experienced the victims will usually have psychological problems they tend to have low self-esteem and they are afraid of many things which prevent them from develop and re-enter the society again once they escape or are carry through from the sex industry. For this reasons many shelters from both government and private have been built for the purpose of helping the victims to cope and start a new life. For instance, the main government shelter is Bahn Kredtrakarn, Bangkok they can nurse up to 500 rescued victims (Arnold Bertone, 2008). The shelters provide them a place to stay, food, medical care and counselling to recent rescued victims (ECPAT 30). They have psychologists to talk to the victims to try to help them out. Because they all went through tough time during trafficking situation, individual counselling will be presumptuousness to take care of victims wit