Gilette Case

GILLETTE possibility 1)Evaluate product innovation at Gillette throughout its history. Has Gillette been a victim of its admit success? Has product innovation in the wet-shaving commercialize come to an cease? Explain. When we look at Gillettes product innovation throughout its history, Gillette act developing, innovating it self. Yes the product innovation in the wet-shaving market come to an end and right away it is in decline part of the cycle but Gillette razors are hush up selling because shaving with razors has become the habit of consumers throughout the age and it is the cheapest way.Gillette also came up with personal care products. As the rivalry gets hot, Gillette comes up with refreshed innovations, which are better than the competitors all time. 2)What do you make of the battle betwixt Gillette and Schick? Is the battle one upmanship good for either company? The battle between Gillette and Schick is very good for the consumer. This rivalry is upmanship good f or both of the companies in a way.Because everytime that one of the swords come up with a new product, the other brand decides to construct a better version of it. So the innovations always confirmation fresh and the consumers benefit from this battle. 3)What actions would you recommend over the next five years that would help Gillette maintain its worldwide dominance in the shaving market? What specific marketing program decisions would you recommend? Should Gillette be worried round Schick? Explain. I would recommend Gillette to focus more on the products for females.Gillette already gained a great success for men products, now the company can produce more women products such as personal care products and woman razors. Gillette should proceed supporting sportive activities because sports are always global cases, by continuing this strategy Gillette can stay global. Gillette should not be worried near Schick but should always be on track so that every time Schick comes with a new product or advertisement, Gillette can do a better one.

Cango

In the introduction video, Liz a elanlines the mission as be an online entertainments company that sales primary music and books with the intention of branching break through to online maneuver and e books. LIZ does a good Job by defining the mission at its most basic capture and qualification it clear. Transformational attractorship is the ability to get people to environ for to modification, Improve. And to be led. (Morehouse, 2001 r Liz uses Transformational Leadership as a great strength when pronounceing to convey her ideas of online gaming to her directing management aggroup.She was able to motivate them to commit to her vision, and encourage innovation/creative thinking through with(predicate) challenging the normal beliefs of the group. Liz weakness Is her Inability to effectively convey with the production staff members. She chose the time to tell them about an important young initiative of online gaming while walking to a meeting. This meeting should st upefy been an opportunity to introduce her impudentlyly-fashioned idea, open the stratum to her associates for their input, needs and value on this project. Instead she made them question the timeline of the project and musical note disenfranchised.Motivation designs a valuable role in any organization. It is a trait that should be Instilled In every member of congo despite their designation or responsibilities. Warren shows strength with his ability to outline the talent and possibility of harvesting room deep down his department with the new online gaming Imitative. He flavour for ship canal to increase his police squad motivation by exploitation inside talent, empowering his team to do what is better(p) for the organization while Increasing taxation and market adoptth for the organization.Warren as well does a great job with team motivation with his team by assigning roles, seeking their opinion through reporting and departing their contribution to play a role i n the finish making growth. Warren should try using Job rotation. Job rotation Is the practice as the periodic shifting of an employee room one labor movement to a nonher. (Robbins, PIG. 73) Warrens team seemed to fall into the same roles within their group. By practicing rotation, this leave seize them to do other lobs and challenge themselves with new responsibilities.I recommend Congo try to come across individuals strengths and weakness and how these strengths and weakness affect the person within a team. All while building the teams self esteem. Human Resource within the Congo organization send word incline a remarkable extend to across all other functions, If is positions itself as a leader and furnish In the business. Maria head of HER as aligned herself as a key player within the senior management team. She has done a great Job outlining the staffing needs and policy 1 OFF developing and a defined performance appraisal.She whitethorn wear isolated come off by blowing off his ideas in the group and team vignette. Maria mustiness recognize pricks radical behavior/characteristics and be skilful enough to allow him to be himself as long as he has a verifying contribution to the team. In a nonher situation she suggests him as a outlook for a promotion. At weather, the appraisal. Warren should flip had he tools to Judge, weather Nick had the skills and qualities to do his Job effectively. Instead, Nick left the meeting feeling the likes of he has done a great Job with his performance.In reality, Nick has a lot of work to do as to his contribution to Congo I recommend Congo provide a clear developing plan that clearly communicate the organizations goals and future strategies along with time for employees to learn a new position, and establish a ball performance . (Robbins, PIG. 253) Organization body structure is how Job tasks are formally divided, grouped and coordinated. (Robbins, PIG. 11) Liz uses the Initiating Structure, refers to t he extent to which a leader is likely to define and structure his or her role and those of deputiseordinates in the front for goal attainment. (Robbins, PIG. 158) Congo does a great Job outlining their department. They use differentiations by grouping people by functions performed. The strengths in departmental is having the expertise in within your department. Everyone on the team seems to have similar ideas and thoughts. Maybe, Congo can implement a team structure. This leave behind allow a delegate from all five departments to share ideas and decentralized decision aging to the level of the work team. (Robbins, PIG. 220) The current environment is a relaxed structure.Liz wants to implement a formal cultivation with the upcoming Initial Public Offering. The strength of the current culture has been great moral and enthusiasms. This has lead to growth and expansion for Congo. As Congo embark on a new formal culture. This Culture change can bring turn everyplace in leadership. I recommend Liz to take into consideration of the demographic of her team when applying culture change. Culture change is to a greater extent likely to take if the organization is both young and small. (Robbins, PIG. 239)CanGoAfter evaluating CanGo for the last 4 weeks, we feel there are some issues that stand out that should be considered before moving forward with this new on-line gaming venture. The following are what we consider the issues that CanGo needs to be aware of and recommendations to citation each. The angle that the marketing department is taking needs to be full evaluated. The type(s) of guest CanGo volition be taking on should be to the full understood. The client value department should be highly considered. The current record management governance needs to be rethought. The earpiece system that is in short in gravel needs to be updated.The proposed second ASRS system many a nonher(prenominal) not be necessary at this point. CanGos gaming customer base is the X and the Y Generation also known at the Millennial Generation. These two segments of the buying population will out hail tyke Boomers in 2010 ( (Henderson, 2006). They are also referred to at the NextGen, GenY and Echo Boomers. The generation natural 1961 to 1981 (several(prenominal) different opinions on the actual date range) is knelled Generation X (Gen X) and is considered the X Generation are the most oer indulged generation so far. They were doted on by their parents due to having extra money in the late 80s and early 90s.Along with the divorced parents that double incomes, remarried and sub placing the divorce guilt. Generation Y (Gen Y) dates from 1982 to 2003, again no definitive dates have been set, but widely believed. They are the premier generation to fully grow up with all cell bring forwards and computers in use over kingdom lines and no home computers. They are experiential and exploratory learners(and) strongly select learning by doing (Sweeney, 2006). A ccording to Sweeney, they closely never read the directions kip down to learnmultiplayer gaming, computer simulations, and social networks (that) provide little penalty for tryout and error learning.As little as four old age ago, this generation was being noted for its extensive use of gaming and how it has had a very significant impact upon their expectations for learning(because it) offers thrills, competition, engagement and a cryptic array of emotional stimuli that also enhance learning, by having already spent thousands of hours playing electronic, computer and video games. (Sweeney, 2006). CanGos marketing team will need to educate the executive team all the way through management and each mployee, so they will better understand their customer base and how important it is to have the proper procedures in place to accommodate their needs.This generation will tell you if you are getting it legal injury and they will take their business somewhere else. One of the go around ways for any company to achieve success is through considering their customers needs and making improvements on service quality. There are several ways that this can be accomplished. A company can best serve its customers by understanding the type of issues the customers have before they have them.By obtaining some baseline data and implementing changes with that information, they will decrease the number of calls and exceeds. When they are provided with a complaint from a customer, they should retain that information so that they can decrease the number of issues even further. They should also look at ways to bridge the gap between happy, loyal customers and angry, transient customers such(prenominal) as with cogitations. The offset printing is through customer satisf implement surveys which helps get to the warmth of critical relationships in ways that help companies move their business forward.The satisfaction, loyalty, and reference-ability of their customers flat affect gro wth and profitability. The next is a customer service survey which can provide management with valuable input on both short-term and long-term decision-making, offering critical operational and strategic advantages over the competition. These are flexible enough that they can be conducted online, by address, or through regular mail. The last is a customer loss brushup survey that would help to identify the root causes of defections so that direct action can be taken to minimize the loss of customers in the future.safekeeping new customers will be a top priority for CanGo. This will require that the current staff be retrained and any employee that will not comply with the new process will be replaced. Their skills on the phone will leave a lasting impression on the customer as to how responsive CanGo is to their perceived issues. In fix up for the CanGo to get their products to the remediate place on time, with the recompense quantity and highest quality, it is imperative that w e choose the best possible way to approach inventory management.Since CanGo does have several centers to work out of, it is essential to identify where the supply or products are to be physically located. It should be determined which has the most benefit storing inventory bordering to the supplier, the customer, or in house. This could mean that the inventory will be unfold out at various CanGo distribution centers and vendor sites. In order to run this inventory we recommend incorporating a PAR method for liberal and quick tracking on all supply transactions at POS (Point of Sale) and POU (Point of Use) locations.This will allow us to keep track of all of the products on a more than realistic time basis, thus insuring we have the right product ready to order from a third party vendor or available in stock at one of CanGos distribution centers to fulfill the customer order. Another aspect is insuring inventory unity through the use Data Collection technology. To support the proposed shop floor inventory control system or ASRS (Automatic Storage and Retrieval) solution, we need to be able to integrate how the technicians, customer service representatives, and internal and external b itinerarysheet managers do business.This means that the inventory management solution must consist and interface with a materials management system, a billing system, an ADT (Admission, Discharge, & Transfer) system, as sound as a apostrophize accounting system. get the product to customers when and where they want it is critical to marketing success. This is why we need to include in our cost effective solution a way to monitor and keep track of all supply transactions. To do this we will maintain a library of transaction records that will give us the ability to better predict our customers buying behaviors.If we can do this, we can insure the most craved products are available and ready to ship in a more expeditious manner. Customer Service issues at CanGo Our Team feels that one of the study areas to consider in this expansion to on line gaming is expanding and update customer service systems, processes, and service personnel. We feel that CanGo can not look out over putting in to motion action plans early to handle the anticipate 400% increase in business they are forecasting. The entire phone system needs to be updated to add more trunks and retch over lines to be able to handle the increase in call volume.It is important that when a customer does take the time to call in with an issue, that they do not get a busy signal or be placed on hold too long. This will notwithstanding cause them to become more irritated. A new Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) system should be purchased and installed at least sextet months before the expected call volume increase. A VoIP system is secure, takes almost no space since it is stored in a current sever rack, and will only require one or two employees to maintain and update it. Another advantage is that this type of system allows for unlimited users, mailboxes, voicemail, and auto-attendant.There will be extra room for expansion since the current large phone cabinets will be removed and sold which could help fund the new VoIP purchase. The entire phone tree/auto-attendant needs to be reprogrammed with updated company and customer service level pickings along with a choice in voice communication option. The first choice in product help should be updated to online gaming. This is the new product of the company and will be free advertising. The new call volume will be linked to the online gaming and those customers need to have that as a first choice.The gaming demographic, Gen Y, is known to be raring(p) and having their choice second could be perceived as not demo respect for their business. Also, listing it first is free advertising to customers that do not know that CanGo has started an online gaming (gaming) division. While most book readers are not the gaming target market, they will most likely know psyche that is and word of mouth is the best advertising. All subsequent levels would be updated to match the switch between gaming and books on the call tree.The choices for each would be similar 1. New Account 2. New Games/Books available 3. Returns/Issues 4. Technical suspensor a. Gaming b. Online Return Material Authorization (RMA)/Returns page The last choice on the tree would be for vendors and courier assistance. The current RMA system is not working. The customer needs to be able to request RMA number and materials on the website. Currently, the website does not allow this action, nor does it list the current process which is to call the service center to obtain the number materials. This must be automated and the return labels will need to be printable by the customer. The current process of sending shipping labels via the courier is time consuming, not efficient, and is not environmentally friendly.This will allow for less paper and tru cks out on the road to deliver the labels (maybe two attempts) and a third to pick up the package. The fountain aspect would also be pointed out on the website to explain to those that may want labels shipped to them. This is also a good promotion point for the company. With the new ASRS system that has been proposed, a second ASRS will be added in the plan. Getting some more information on the necessity of this second system is crucial to making a proper decision about its importance. If the first was implemented and the second held till the volume increased, the chance of failure would decrease.It would also allow time to work out bugs with the setup, making it easier for subsequent systems to be implemented. Integration of software would be easier since only one system would be worked on at a time. Furthermore, this would allow time for everyone to have a better understanding of how to use the system and what information to look for. With these recommendations, we feel that CanG o has a very good chance of not only making a smooth transition to the gaming world, but also become a better, more responsive company overall.

Bridge Collapse in Minnesota

The clank of duet I-35W in Minnesota during the rush hour of August 1put tremendous pressure on the reliability and safety of our duads nationwide. Countless investigations and precautionary measures were d angiotensin converting enzyme to pack all couplets pass standard results and render it safe for twain the vehicles and passengers. At the same time it gave dent to our morphologic showingers ability to sum up with a actually sound twist and bridge circuit anatomy. In this research paper we pass on try to dwell into the process involving bridge build, the different radiation diagram load ups, proper bridge rep parentage and the type of bridge design affaird by machinates on the I-35W.After the collapse, we shall in like manner try to decode the expert touch on the real cause and give acceptation to their theory on the failure of the clothes hamper plate. We ordain also discuss the implication of the collapse of the bridge to the technology barter, part icularly if the failure was caused by unsound design theories. And lastly after all is said and through with(p), I depart try to give my assessment on the matter raise on the materials culled from the different websites of the Internet. The blueprint Process The design of a social structure (buildings or bridges) follows a tedious and complex process. twosomes for example needs plain meticulous observation because it carries moving loads and design flaws could only be accurately gauged if the sequence is subjected to a computer generated simulated stress diagrams. In this way structural designers can pinpoint the areas wi burn the structure that is or so likely to suffer fracture in extreme cases of bridge pluck (BridgeArt). In the case of Bridge I-35W in Minneapolis, the designer may pass on been correct in all his assumptions as guided by the Design Manual of the American Institute of stigma Construction (AISC).From the dead load to the perceived moving loads, to the s outright load and impact loads and also the necessary factor of safety were all incorporated in his design observation. Proof of the matter is the said bridge continued to thrive since its erecting in 1967 and only collapsed four decades later. What may select caused the collapse of the bridge? Serious design errors could non be errored because it should have failed at the intrusion when the bridge was first used by the commuting public. Certainly the culprit could be poor maintenance procedures or bridge stamping grounds.The Bridge refurbish Data gathered from MN-DOT reveals that the bridge underwent major deck paving in 1970 and 1990. This twin repairs has already added tremendous dead load to the structure. Prior to the collapse of the bridge another paving was underway and materials were stockpiled on the deck gain the various equipment doing the repair job (Obi-Akpere). The recent resurfacing of the bridge placed an extra deadweight to the structure, roughly or so 300 tons and may have triggered the demise of bridge I-35W (Obi-Akpere).The Bridge Design Design Engineers from the University of Minnesota in its report, found the bridge to be a non-redundant structure meaning that all structural components act together and if one member fails the entire structure would collapse. Besides, the arc structure rests on only four pylons and failure of one in particular during tremors would be catastrophic (Week III). The bridge I-35W is a typical three bridge continuous deck truss with a jargon of steel members and with the thoroughfare on top.To protect the bridge from lateral movement because of extreme temperature changes (expansion and contraction), bridge bearings were used to allow the structure free movement (Week III). The Investigation From the wreckage of the collapsed bridge, investigators found several fractured invalidator plates. Calculations were made on the stress capacity of the gusset plates and were found to be way deficient a nd the loads applied on the bridge were over their design limit. But no design imperfections were notice on the structural members (Samuel).This goes to show that failure of the structure emanates from too thin gusset plates, which could have been a construction error rather than a design flaw. Common sense dictates that a gusset plate should not be lesser in cross sectional area to a particular member served. In this case if proper construction procedure could have been followed, then structural failure should have been evident in the structural members (Roy). Or structure failure could be manifested in the welded joints or on the construction rivets and bolts.But such is not the case, then blame should be shouldered by the contractor for possibly undertaking stringent cost cutting measures or on his failure to notify the design engineer of the little gusset plates. And the MN-DOT field engineers likewise for its failure to spot the defective components installed in the structur e (Gilbert). Also inspections were made by MN-DOT personnel on the bridge, but sad to say that they were unable to spot the defective gusset plates.Any ocular inspection would be useless unless field engineers would dutifully keep back each structural member by using calipers, particularly the oppressiveness of the structural members. All the data are feed to their computer design software and only then can they be certain about their structural assessment (Arti instrument). Implication to Engineering The collapse of bridge I-35W is a slap to the engineering profession, because it ordain tend to show that structural designers failed to post safety nets to our structures not only on bridges but also buildings.It will put into perplexity and scrutiny the methods and theories put forth by icons of the industry. For over 100 years our structural designers have practiced the profession based on the tenets of the formulas perfected by pioneers of the profession and a slipperiness li ke the collapse of the bridge will render all of these to naught. This will have a global effect, because everybody will now put to bear witness the safety of our structures. With a disaster of this magnitude, people will now question the relevance of our structural design principles.Have we really made an accurate engineering theory and formula that could be fundamentally applied to bridge design? Or do we need to further hone our skills in clubhouse to come up with a design principle that will truly address such structural deficiencies? Engineers will now be contrasted because what they have studied and practiced through the centuries will be rendered useless. It will be back to square one since all structures will now be deemed unfit for kind habitation.What will now become of the human population probably live in tents and simple lean-to structures? Development will be in a stand still as everybody will be wary of building structures, much more live in it. But initial findi ng from investigators is a breath of fresh air to structural designers. They only found errors in judgment in the use of materials and components not on the structural design. This will prove beyond doubt that they have practiced sound design principles and that resulting structures are safer than ever. ConclusionIn the ensuing investigation, it is my opinion that what caused the collapse of bridge I-35W is not the design flaws (although evident) but the haphazard repair on the bridge made by personnel of the MN-DOT. Take annotating that resurfacing was made on the bridge for three occasions, one in 1970, 1990, and the one prior to the collapse of the bridge. Each time the bridge was resurfaced, almost 15,000 cuboidal feet of material was poured over it. This is only for the longest span of 458 feet and a breadth of 113 feet or roughly 8 road lanes, the one span directly over the river.This alone constitutes over 2,500 tons added to the original design load, and since this is do ne three times, the spare deadweight is tremendous. At the time of the incident equipment and materials were stockpiled making the structure grossly overloaded, no wonder the bridge collapsed (Week III). By the way repairs have been made on the bridge, it was actually an accident waiting to happen. It was never the fault of the structural designer, not even the contractor for he knew his responsibilities.But had they followed the steel design manual on gusset plate design, the structure could have survived the additional deadweight imposed on it. References American Institute of Steel Construction, Inc. 1967. Manual of Steel Construction. sixth ed. American Institute of Steel Construction United States. Artifactor. I-35W Bridge over Mississippi River collapsed Science Buzz. 2 August 2007. Science Museum of Minnesota. 4 February 2008. .BridgeArt. 2007. Long Tail Group. 4 February 2008. http//www. bridgeart. net/software_database/. Gilbert, Steve. Design faulting caused MN bridge collapse. Sweetness and Light. 15 January 2008. 4 February 2008. http//sweetness-light. com/archive/design-flaw-caused-mn-bridge-collapse. Obi-Akpere. The Critical Factor Why Minneapolis Bridge Collapsed. NowPublic. 16 January 2008. 3 February 2008. http//www. nowpublic. com/environment/critical-factor-why-minneapolis-bridge-collapsed. Roy, Jennifer.Design Flaw Identified in Minnesota Bridge Collapse. Design News. 15 January 2008. 4 February 2008. http//www. designnews. com/article/CA6522883. html. Samuel, Peter. MN/I-35W bridge collapsed because several gusset plates were grossly undersized engineering error the cause. TollRoadsnews. 15 January 2008. 3 February 2008. http//www. tollroadsnews. com/node/3346. Weeks III, John A. grey-haired I-35W Bridge. John Weeks Homepage. 2005. 3 February 2008. http//www. visi. com/jweeks/bridges/pages/ms16. html.

Sir Richard Branson

The purpose of this hot-madespaper is to describe the personality of Sir Richard Branson as well as applying the components of social intelligence and attribution. Sir Branson is the owner and Chief Executive Officer of the in the altogether set started in the 1970s. thoroughgoing(a) is genius of Great Britains most respected brands and consists of ventures in travel and tourism, leisure and pleasure, social and environsal, media and telecommunications, finance and m geniusy, health, and shopping. As a y erupth, Sir Branson was introduced to some factors which do contributed his adult personality.According to Nelson & Quick (2008), family, culture, education, and some other environmental forces shape personality. Sir Bransons personality was robustly castd by his family environment. His mother back up him and his sisters to campaign hard and oercome adversity by continually setting corporeal challenges amidst the siblings. These competitions surely enhanced Bran sons drive to compete and predominate in sporting activities. His entrepreneur success quarter be contributed to the too soon introduction of entrepreneurship by his mother and aunty Cl ar.Sir Bransons was influenced by a loving family which modeled traits such as group subject, cohesion, and support. During my childhood, children were taught to stay in a childs repose and speak only when spoken to. Branson was encouraged to speak as a child and his reliances were valued. This helped to build self-esteem and opine-so to communicate outside his social group. In my opinion, Bransons psychological fiber derived from the Type Theory P reachences and Descriptions is Extraversion, Intuition, Feeling, and Perceiving (ENFP). Nelson & Quick (2008) described a person who is categorised as ENFP to be Warmly enthusiastic and imaginative.See life as right of possibilities. Make connections between events and information very quickly, and confidently kick the bucket found on the pa tterns they see. Want a lot of affirmation from others, and promptly give appreciation and support. Spontaneous and flexible, of 10 rely on the strength to improvise and their verbal fluency. (p. 95) While reading Sir Bransons case, I illuminated the recognition that Branson is intelligent, creative, loyal, family oriented, friendly, and confident yet arrogant. My perceptual experience is strongly affected by my characteristics as the perceiver. I truly believe that anyone crapper be productive if he or she works hard.If an individual is propelning(a) hard and non obtaining the communicate level of success, he or she demand to flip the situation. Not needful the plan or approach, but the situation in which he or she is operating in (city, state, conjunction, community). The manner in which Branson organized his schedule to sanction for family time influences my opinion and I created the image of him as a family man. Although this is authorized it doesnt necessaril y confirm that Branson is a verit able-bodied family man. The situation that Branson is introduced to me has an enkindle affect on my erudition.I am reading an article full of positive factors about Branson. How could my perception be anything other than positive? This perception may be the same or totally antithetic had this been a face to face encounter. Three elements of the barriers to social perception be compound in my assessment. First, I hired selective perception by relating my prospect of family orientation to Branson. I narrowed my perception to the qualities which supported my viewpoint. Next, I created the perception that Branson is intelligent, because he is self-made. I have created a stereotype that all successful entrepreneurs must be intelligent.The article offered information that Bransons academic nature was terrible and he did not finish high school. I failed to submit this information because of his success. Lastly, the first impression error allowe d me to read the article and create the perception that this is the accredited Branson without any future research or consideration. Sir Branson mental process and success is due to internal attributions. He accepted his weaknesses and built on his strengths. The values instilled by his mother formed a sound asylum to build on. He is not focused on external attributions of things he has no control over.He continues to expand his empire by big(p) others opportunities to develop their ideas into business ventures that he supports (Nelson & Quick, 2008, p. 115). He uses his internal attributions to counter the startup problems and unforeseen battles which dont seem to bother him. Sir Branson is perceived to be a well-rounded person. His personality, which drives his success and current business ism, mirrors his childhood development. During his childhood, his opinion was valued and now he is open to the opinions and ideas of his advisory team.His mother and Aunt Clara were very e ntrepreneurial developing several different ways to make money and now Branson invites creativity and backs the red-hot business ventures of others. He accredited his sense of competition and now challenges industries which he feels be not avail the public. An individuals personality is strongly influenced by his or her environment as proven by Sir Richard Branson. References Nelson, D. L. , & Quick, J. C. (2008). organizational air Science, the real humanness, and you (6th Ed. ). Mason, OH South-Western.Sir Richard Branson duty assignment 4 Sir Richard Branson, Chairman, stark(a) base, Ltd. Case Study Mysherri Rhodes teacher Bess White mess 520 surviveing and Organization February 25, 2012 Describe Bransons leadinghip title in terms of the leadhip models addressed in Chapters 10 and 11 and pronounce the interchangeablely efficaciousness of that style in the U. S. today. Sir Richard Branson, founder and chairman of everlasting(a) stem Ltd. , has created a mu lti-billion dollar enterprise, which includes airlines, records, bridal wear, holidays, vodka, cars, savings bank accounts, mobile phones, cosmetics, condoms and gyms (Hellriegel & Slocum, 2011).The pure(a) Group is a sphericly recognized brand that has approximately 50,000 employees and earns much than $20 billion in sales annually (Hellriegel & Slocum, 2011). Sir Richard Branson is cognise to be one of the dandy(p)est entrepreneurs and with that consumers can expect more unique creations from Sir Richard Branson (Boje & Smith, 2012). In order for a business to acquire and assert such exponential growth, a familiarity must have an legal draw.According to Hellriegel & Slocum (2011), Branson is a genuine strategist who have in minds outside the stroke and he has achieved more nifty things despite some setbacks throughout the years. Branson tarrys future trends, inspiring following to understand and crush a new imaging of possibilities. He develops others to be attractions or better leading thats what makes him a transformational leader (Hellriegel & Slocum, 2011). Sir Richard Branson, has a philosophy that is centered on finding people with strong communication and teamwork skills that can be integrated into double-dyed(a) Group culture. erst the halal employees argon hired, Virgin Group continues the employees professional development, allowing the company to leaven existing employees. Bransons philosophy enables him to develop new leaders, which are able to foresee the companys future and twinge new visions. Hellriegel & Slocum (2011), as well as say that transformational leaders are gamble takers and welcome new opportunities. Sir Richard Branson states that it is inconceivable to run a business without taking risks, and he is no oddish to doing so (Hellriegel & Slocum, 2011).Branson in public admits to three tremendous setbacks a) the launch of a movable MP3 player (the Virgin Pulse) was crushed by the Apple iPod and lost over $20 one thousand million b) against top management advice, Branson held on to Virgins Megastore retail outlets outlying(prenominal) too long, costing the group financially when the megastores were in the end sold c) Branson created Virgin Cola as an attempt to enter the unify Kingdoms Coca-Cola territory, but Coca-Cola crushed that effort.The Virgin Group has experienced its fair dish out of failures but that has never stopped Branson from caseing for new opportunities. Because of these attributes, Branson is a great transformational leader and is a perfect fit in todays world. The world is constantly evolving from the old into the new, and this constant change creates the need for companies to set accordingly. Based on constant change a company must be able to adapt accordingly. Transformational lead is such a great asset to todays world because its leaders are true visionaries.For instance, to his colleagues Branson is known as Dr. Yes because he finds it hard to say no to new ideas and proposals. Being open to new ideas and proposals sets Virgin Groups unconnected from other companies because they are never xenophobic to try venture into new areas. Virgin Group prides itself on doing things in an ripe way season aspiring to allow for case services (Hellriegel & Slocum, 2011). Visionaries are key to the phylogeny of todays world and are important to the generations of the future.Recommend a different leadership style (or combination of styles) that would make Branson an even more effective leader. Transformational and transactional leadership are two of the most popular approaches to leading a businesses (Sadeghi & Pihie, 2012). Bransons express feelings sense of transformational leadership is great for Virgin Group but could be more effective when combined other leadership styles such as transactional leadership. Transactional leadership is considered a great second style to work in synergy with transformational leadership.Transaction al leadership focuses on the interaction and penury that occur between a leader and his or her followers (Sadeghi & Pihie, 2012). Bransons states, If you find people who are technical at motivating others and acquire the best out of people, they are the ones you want. in that respect are plenty of questionable experts, but not as many motivators of people (Hellriegel & Slocum, 2011 p 344). Bransons belief in motivating his employees demonstrates his belief in transactional leadership and is an indisputable method ensuring that Virgin Group uses the correct leadership path.Motivating employees is a great way to savant great leadership but here are some other components of transactional leadership that should be considered a) transactional leadership houses contingent rewards, which includes leaders setting mensurable goals to obtain that are clear and concise b) it exhibits agile management by monitoring work performance of employees and enforcing rules to prevent mistakes c) it emphasizes that oblige rules are not to be broken and unacceptable performance volition result in corrective actions (Hellriegel & Slocum, 2011).Determine how Branson would develop and lead a spheric team working on a major pouch (e. g. , position tourism) Americans have witnessed the around-the-clock development of the world for decades and Sir Richard Branson has been a part of American history. Branson has continued to kick upstairs the envelope year after year, and is familiar with the leadership styles that are necessary for leading a ball-shaped team working on a major project. Branson spoke out, stating that carbon electronegative the world is what is causing orbicular warming.As a result, Branson recently pledged to give as much as $3 billion over the next ten years to turnout global warming. The funding for the global warming project go forth be given from Bransons personal revenue from his airlines and raceway company (Hellriegell & Slocume, 2011). Brans ons states We must not be the generation trusty for irreversibly damaging the environment (Hellriegel & Slocum, 2011). In order for Branson to develop and lead a global team for global warming, he must use the core components associated with transformational leadership.According Hellriegel & Slocum (2011 p 330), the core components are individual consideration refer to the leaders to anticipate the followers postulate, perform as a mentor, and hark to the followers needs. Next, Branson needs to intellectually stimulate his team by encouraging them to think outside the box and to not be afraid to take a risk. Then there are inspirational motivations, which is a concept pertaining to leaders creating a vision for the employees to follow.Last but not least is idealized influence which refers to the leader acting in a magnetised way to perk up employees and inspire them (Kirkpartrick & Locke, 1996). Branson has stated on numerous make that he treats his employees like human beings , which allows him to anticipate his employees needs. Branson similarly feels that an entrepreneur will only keep abreast if he or she is surrounded by good people and are able to listen to their advice. Because Branson is open to advice he has innately displayed individual consideration.As a leader Branson has always provided attention to the employees needs for growth, encouraged individuals to embrace creativity, and placed an emphasis on innovation. Early in Bransons calling he developed a habit of actively reading emails from his employees. Once the email are read, he then responds to employees concerns and ideas personally. There has been instances where employees have presented innovative ideas for the companys future that Branson has implemented, which demonstrates an intellectual stimulant drug outcome and encourages this behavior in the future.As I stated above, Branson has a vision that involves improving global warming. Bransons plan to address the problem is by sett ing up a carbon war room to strategize cut down the carbon return of companies without damaging the companys profitability. Setting a vision and creating a plan is a great method for providing inspirational motives for individuals. Historically, Branson is well known for his ability to inspire his team, which results in an ideal work environment. Discuss how you can incorporate some of Bransons leadership qualities into your role at work or school.Sir Richard Branson is an extraordinary individual and worthy of businesses mimicking his leadership style. Bransons leadership styles includes, but are not limited to honing in on ones ability to become a true imaginative, taking risk, and providing lumber. Branson states that he listens to all new ideals and proposals but ultimately makes decisions based on his perception (Branson, 2012). One could practice becoming a visionary into their work or school environment by taking an in depth look at a new ideas or roposals and swear the ir intuition. Implementing an environment for visionaries allows individuals to remove forth ideas that other individuals may have clog visualizing. This method also encourages individuals to speak up and voice their opinions. The next quality that a leader must possess is risk taking. It is impossible for a business to run without taking risks. Virgin would not be the company it is today if risks had not been taken (Hellriegel & Slocum, 2011 p 344).In order for a four-in-hand to be successful there has to be some degree of risk taking and one could start by thinking out of the box (Hanna & Klein, 2011). This could take place by setting aside time for the team to meet, discuss, and implement new ideas that involve more risk. Another one of Bransons attributes for leadership is to provide quality service to his clientele. According to Hellriegel & Slocum (2011), Branson prides himself on his ability to provide quality services to consumers in areas where other companies may not.As a manager, one could maturate the bar through implementing higher standards for quality service. This could, as a result, plus the clientele and loyalty to the company. References Boje, D. , & Smith, R. (2010). Re-storying and visualizing the changing entrepreneurial identities of tone Gates and Richard Branson. assimilation & Organization, 16(4), 307-331. doi10. 1080/14759551003769250 Branson, R. (2012). Sir Audcity. Inc, 34(9), 72-73. Hanna, J. , & Klein, D. S. (2011). Sir Richard Branson Great Brands, Virgin Brands, Branson Brands.Smart traffic orangeness County, 6(5), 10-11. Hellriegel, D. , & Slocum, J. W. , Jr. (2011). Organizational Behavior 13th ed. ). Mason, OH Cengage (Learning) Kirkpatrick, S. A. , & Locke, E. A. (1996). Direct and Indirect do of Three center Charismatic Leadership Components on Performance and Attitudes. diary Of Applied Psychology, 81(1), 36-51. Sadeghi, A. , & Pihie, Z. (2012). Transformational Leadership and Its Predictive Effects on Leaders hip Effectiveness. transnational Journal Of Business & Social Science, 3(7), 186-197.Sir Richard BransonAssignment 4 Sir Richard Branson, Chairman, Virgin Group, Ltd. Case Study Mysherri Rhodes Instructor Bess White Bus 520 Leadership and Organization February 25, 2012 Describe Bransons leadership style in terms of the leadership models addressed in Chapters 10 and 11 and evaluate the likely effectiveness of that style in the U. S. today. Sir Richard Branson, founder and chairman of Virgin Group Ltd. , has created a multi-billion dollar enterprise, which includes airlines, records, bridal wear, holidays, vodka, cars, bank accounts, mobile phones, cosmetics, condoms and gyms (Hellriegel & Slocum, 2011).The Virgin Group is a globally recognized brand that has approximately 50,000 employees and earns more than $20 billion in sales annually (Hellriegel & Slocum, 2011). Sir Richard Branson is known to be one of the greatest entrepreneurs and with that consumers can expect more unique cr eations from Sir Richard Branson (Boje & Smith, 2012). In order for a business to acquire and maintain such exponential growth, a company must have an effective leader.According to Hellriegel & Slocum (2011), Branson is a genuine strategist who thinks outside the box and he has achieved many great things despite some setbacks throughout the years. Branson anticipates future trends, inspiring followers to understand and embrace a new vision of possibilities. He develops others to be leaders or better leaders thats what makes him a transformational leader (Hellriegel & Slocum, 2011). Sir Richard Branson, has a philosophy that is centered on finding people with strong communication and teamwork skills that can be integrated into Virgin Group culture.Once the proper employees are hired, Virgin Group continues the employees professional development, allowing the company to promote existing employees. Bransons philosophy enables him to develop new leaders, which are able to foresee the co mpanys future and embrace new visions. Hellriegel & Slocum (2011), also say that transformational leaders are risk takers and welcome new opportunities. Sir Richard Branson states that it is impossible to run a business without taking risks, and he is no stranger to doing so (Hellriegel & Slocum, 2011).Branson publicly admits to three tremendous setbacks a) the launch of a portable MP3 player (the Virgin Pulse) was crushed by the Apple iPod and lost over $20 million b) against top management advice, Branson held on to Virgins Megastore retail outlets far too long, costing the group financially when the megastores were finally sold c) Branson created Virgin Cola as an attempt to enter the United Kingdoms Coca-Cola territory, but Coca-Cola crushed that effort.The Virgin Group has experienced its fair share of failures but that has never stopped Branson from looking for new opportunities. Because of these attributes, Branson is a great transformational leader and is a perfect fit in to days world. The world is constantly evolving from the old into the new, and this constant change creates the need for companies to adapt accordingly. Based on constant change a company must be able to adapt accordingly. Transformational leadership is such a great asset to todays world because its leaders are true visionaries.For instance, to his colleagues Branson is known as Dr. Yes because he finds it hard to say no to new ideas and proposals. Being open to new ideas and proposals sets Virgin Groups apart from other companies because they are never afraid to try venture into new areas. Virgin Group prides itself on doing things in an innovative way while aspiring to provide quality services (Hellriegel & Slocum, 2011). Visionaries are key to the evolution of todays world and are important to the generations of the future.Recommend a different leadership style (or combination of styles) that would make Branson an even more effective leader. Transformational and transactional leader ship are two of the most popular approaches to leading a businesses (Sadeghi & Pihie, 2012). Bransons keen sense of transformational leadership is great for Virgin Group but could be more effective when combined other leadership styles such as transactional leadership. Transactional leadership is considered a great second style to work in synergy with transformational leadership.Transactional leadership focuses on the interaction and motivation that occur between a leader and his or her followers (Sadeghi & Pihie, 2012). Bransons states, If you find people who are good at motivating others and getting the best out of people, they are the ones you want. There are plenty of so-called experts, but not as many motivators of people (Hellriegel & Slocum, 2011 p 344). Bransons belief in motivating his employees demonstrates his belief in transactional leadership and is an incontestable method ensuring that Virgin Group uses the correct leadership path.Motivating employees is a great way to initiate great leadership but here are some other components of transactional leadership that should be considered a) transactional leadership provides contingent rewards, which includes leaders setting measurable goals to obtain that are clear and concise b) it exhibits active management by monitoring work performance of employees and enforcing rules to prevent mistakes c) it emphasizes that enforced rules are not to be broken and unacceptable performance will result in corrective actions (Hellriegel & Slocum, 2011).Determine how Branson would develop and lead a global team working on a major project (e. g. , space tourism) Americans have witnessed the continuous development of the world for decades and Sir Richard Branson has been a part of American history. Branson has continued to push the envelope year after year, and is familiar with the leadership styles that are necessary for leading a global team working on a major project. Branson spoke out, stating that carbon damaging t he world is what is causing global warming.As a result, Branson recently pledged to give as much as $3 billion over the next ten years to tackle global warming. The funding for the global warming project will be given from Bransons personal revenue from his airlines and rail company (Hellriegell & Slocume, 2011). Bransons states We must not be the generation responsible for irreversibly damaging the environment (Hellriegel & Slocum, 2011). In order for Branson to develop and lead a global team for global warming, he must use the core components associated with transformational leadership.According Hellriegel & Slocum (2011 p 330), the core components are individual consideration refer to the leaders to anticipate the followers needs, perform as a mentor, and listen to the followers needs. Next, Branson needs to intellectually stimulate his team by encouraging them to think outside the box and to not be afraid to take a risk. Then there are inspirational motivations, which is a conce pt pertaining to leaders creating a vision for the employees to follow.Last but not least is idealized influence which refers to the leader acting in a charismatic way to uplift employees and inspire them (Kirkpartrick & Locke, 1996). Branson has stated on numerous occasions that he treats his employees like human beings, which allows him to anticipate his employees needs. Branson also feels that an entrepreneur will only succeed if he or she is surrounded by good people and are able to listen to their advice. Because Branson is open to advice he has innately displayed individual consideration.As a leader Branson has always provided attention to the employees needs for growth, encouraged individuals to embrace creativity, and placed an emphasis on innovation. Early in Bransons career he developed a habit of actively reading emails from his employees. Once the email are read, he then responds to employees concerns and ideas personally. There has been instances where employees have pr esented innovative ideas for the companys future that Branson has implemented, which demonstrates an intellectual stimulation outcome and encourages this behavior in the future.As I stated above, Branson has a vision that involves improving global warming. Bransons plan to address the problem is by setting up a carbon war room to strategize reducing the carbon output of companies without damaging the companys profitability. Setting a vision and creating a plan is a great method for providing inspirational motives for individuals. Historically, Branson is well known for his ability to inspire his team, which results in an ideal work environment. Discuss how you can incorporate some of Bransons leadership qualities into your role at work or school.Sir Richard Branson is an extraordinary individual and worthy of businesses mimicking his leadership style. Bransons leadership styles includes, but are not limited to honing in on ones ability to become a true visionary, taking risk, and pr oviding quality. Branson states that he listens to all new ideals and proposals but ultimately makes decisions based on his intuition (Branson, 2012). One could practice becoming a visionary into their work or school environment by taking an in depth look at a new ideas or roposals and trusting their intuition. Implementing an environment for visionaries allows individuals to bring forth ideas that other individuals may have difficulty visualizing. This method also encourages individuals to speak up and voice their opinions. The next quality that a leader must possess is risk taking. It is impossible for a business to run without taking risks. Virgin would not be the company it is today if risks had not been taken (Hellriegel & Slocum, 2011 p 344).In order for a manager to be successful there has to be some degree of risk taking and one could start by thinking out of the box (Hanna & Klein, 2011). This could take place by setting aside time for the team to meet, discuss, and impleme nt new ideas that involve more risk. Another one of Bransons attributes for leadership is to provide quality service to his clientele. According to Hellriegel & Slocum (2011), Branson prides himself on his ability to provide quality services to consumers in areas where other companies may not.As a manager, one could raise the bar through implementing higher standards for quality service. This could, as a result, increase the clientele and loyalty to the company. References Boje, D. , & Smith, R. (2010). Re-storying and visualizing the changing entrepreneurial identities of Bill Gates and Richard Branson. Culture & Organization, 16(4), 307-331. doi10. 1080/14759551003769250 Branson, R. (2012). Sir Audcity. Inc, 34(9), 72-73. Hanna, J. , & Klein, D. S. (2011). Sir Richard Branson Great Brands, Virgin Brands, Branson Brands.Smart Business Orange County, 6(5), 10-11. Hellriegel, D. , & Slocum, J. W. , Jr. (2011). Organizational Behavior 13th ed. ). Mason, OH Cengage (Learning) Kirkpatri ck, S. A. , & Locke, E. A. (1996). Direct and Indirect Effects of Three Core Charismatic Leadership Components on Performance and Attitudes. Journal Of Applied Psychology, 81(1), 36-51. Sadeghi, A. , & Pihie, Z. (2012). Transformational Leadership and Its Predictive Effects on Leadership Effectiveness. International Journal Of Business & Social Science, 3(7), 186-197.

Lead Contamination in Agro-Based Products as Current Public Health Threat in Bangladesh

Lead contamination in agro-based products as current public health threat in Bangladesh A. M. M. Maruf Hossain1*, M. Shahidul Islam2, Md. Moklesur Rahman1, Md. Mustafa Mamun1, M. Azizul Islam Kazi2, and Syed Fazle Elahi1 1Department of Soil, Water and Environment, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of capital of Bangladesh 2Analytical question Division, BCSIR Laboratories, Dhaka. *Corresponding author Abstract Agro-based products atomic number 18 primary to altogether human being food sources. Contamination in these is also the easiest way of human health getting affected in large scale.Among the myriad of agro-based products, mercantilely produced milks and bombard were haved. Chicken orchiss were sampled from Dhaka and its nearby other seven territorys back the central region of Bangladesh. Dhaka, Narsingdi, Kishoreganj, Mymensingh, Tangail, Gazipur, Narayanganj, and Munshigonj were selected for the study. Twelve bombards were randomly sampled from separately districts orb stock mart. In Dhaka, Gazipur, and Tangails market twain(prenominal) br letness and vacuous colored b onlyock were found. Six eggs from apiece type were sampled from these three districts. In the rest five districts save brown colored eggs could be found.Commercial liquidity state milks of 13 turgid milk producers have been sampled with replication. Introduction Poultry plays a vital social occasion in the economy of Bangladesh in recent years. The contribution by store is 3% of the total gross domestic product (BBS, two hundred4) and nearly 10% of the agricultural GDP (Poultry Business Directory, cc7). As food poultry put ups meat and egg. An egg is a good source of energy, protein, and risque. A 50 g weighing figure A icteric egg provides estimated determine of 297 KJ energy, 6g protein, 5g fat (1. 5g saturated, 2. 0g monounsaturated, and 0. 8g polyunsaturated), and 190mg cholesterol.Chicken eggs ar the most commonly eaten eggs, and are highly nut ritious (FAO, 2007). They add up a large amount of complete, high-quality proteins (which contains either essential amino acids for humans), and provide significant amounts of several vitamins and minerals, including vitamin A, riboflavin, folic acid, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, choline, iron, calcium, phosphorus and potassium. Again liquid milk is an master(prenominal) source of fat, lactose sugar, and proteins (Casein, Albumin). testis and milk are essential contexts to our day-by-day diet. Bangladesh has a long historical record of raising poultry under(a) traditional backyard farming.In 1935 improved variety of birds were first introduced in the countries. In the long run it is in the early nineties that a subprogram of private parent stock farms have started their operation to produce commercial Day Old broiler and layer Chicks. Today for commercial egg performance layer chicks from these farms are being used. Commercial egg production loosely uses the layer breeds of Hyl ine browned, Hyline washrag, Hisex Brown, Hisex White, ISA Brown, Lohman Brown, Shaver White, and Shaver 579. The prominent milk producers have their own farms in Bangladesh.They produce and market both pasteurized and UTH (ultra high temperature) svelte milks. For egg and milk urban people depend completely on commercially produced products while rural people have some charge of backyard farming. As industrial and agricultural practices are not strictly modulate and maintained environment-friendly in Bangladesh, contamination can happen in some(prenominal) ways especially with heavy metals. For this reason a widely distributed egg samples have been collected from Dhaka and its surrounding other seven districts where industrial activities and hence pollution is most prevalent.Similarly a number of liquid milks were sampled with replication to reflect a representative picture. Materials and Methods Sampling area for egg The egg sampling area constituted eight districts includin g capital Dhaka and cover the central region of Bangladesh. Dhaka, Narsingdi, Kishoreganj, Mymensingh, Tangail, Gazipur, Narayanganj, and Munshigonj were selected for the study. Twelve eggs were randomly sampled from from each one districts egg stock market. In Dhaka, Gazipur, and Tangails market both brown and white colored eggs were found. Six eggs from each type were sampled from these three districts.In the rest five districts only brown colored eggs could be found. The sampling area is shown in gray color in Figure 1. Figure 1 role of Bangladesh representing the darkened study area Milk sampling Commercial liquid milks of 13 prominent milk producers have been sampled with three replications in each. These covered liquid white, mango, chocolate, and banana milks. Aarong white, Aarong chocolate, Aarong mango, Milkvita white, Milkvita chocolate, RD white, RD mango, RD banana, Amo white, Amo chocolate, Amo mango, Pran white, and Starship chocolate liquid milks were selected for the study. essay pretreatment ? The egg samples were boiled in deionized water and after complete boiling whiteness and vitellus were separately oven-dried at 80oC to remove all moisture. The samples were oven-dried unless the difference betwixt two readings of weight was found negligible. Each of oven-died ovalbumin and yolk were interact and analyzed separately. ? A portion of the liquid milk samples were used for parsimony measurement. Milk samples were treated and analyzed as it is. Sample preparation method The samples were prepared by using HNO3 HClO4 digestion (Kebbekus & Mitra, 1998).Since the samples were of organic origin with a precise high organic suffice, HNO3 HClO4 digestion was preferred over the more common HNO3 declination for the function of heavy metals. This strongly oxidizing digestion decomposes organics quickly and efficiently. Sample analysis abridgment of all prepared samples was performed through atomic absorption spectrophotometr y (AAS). BDH standard final result was used for preparation of lead (Pb) standard curve. During the sample preparation for atomic number 33 determination, hydrochloric acid (at least 11. 6 ml concentrated HCl for 100 ml total sample) and KI (at least 1 %) were added.For the other heavy metals no special treatments were done. Hydride vapor generation technique was used in the determination of arsenic and hectogram. Chromium, cadmium, lead, and arsenic determination were done in air-acetylene flame whereas mercury determination was done in cold vapor. The lead (Pb) contamination in eggs is calculated by using the average contention values of total 96 eggs sampled, where albumen and yolk have been canvass separately in each egg (Table 1). Table 1 mean(a) physical parameters for 96 egg samples from 8 districts Average physical parameter Average Standard demerit Whole weight of eggs, g 55. 5098 0. 7590 jaw albumen yolk ratio 1 4. 8672 1. 9775 NA Albumen bleak weight, g 34. 4401 - Albumen moisture content, % 84. 0603 0. 1512 Albumen dry weight, g 5. 900 - yolk raw weight, g 13. 9930 - Yolk moisture content, % 51. 3656 0. 1616 Yolk dry weight, g 6. 8054 - The lead (Pd) contamination in commercially produced white-livered eggs in Bangladesh is presented in Table 2 (average dry weight basis). Revise SPSS with all new data Table 2 Pb contamination of chicken eggs in Bangladesh Sample classes Pb in orb albumen Pb in total Pb in addict yolk Pb in total Total Pb in each Pb in total egg g/g Egg albumen g/g Egg yolk egg (albumen + (albumen + yolk), (dry weight) g (dry weight) g yolk), g g/g (dry weight) (dry weight) determine for 6 5. 905 30. 6918 18. 3190 124. 6680 155. 3599 12. 6356 Brown Egg samples (Dhaka) St. fallacy 1. 1043 4. 439 White Egg (Dhaka) Values for 6 11. 1847 61. 4041 6. 4769 44. 0777 105. 4818 8. 5790 samples St. error 1. 7396 2. 627 Brown Egg (Narsingdi) Values for 1210. 4818 57. 54 53 15. 0153 102. 1849 159. 7302 12. 9911 samples St. error 2. 3770 3. 458 Brown Egg Values for 129. 4945 52. 1248 10. 6030 72. 1574 124. 2822 10. 1080 (Kishoreganj) samples St. error 0. 5917 0. 7616 Brown Egg Mymensingh)Values for 129. 4769 52. 0279 5. 7009 38. 7969 90. 8248 7. 3869 samples St. error 1. 1593 0. 6024 Brown Egg (Tangail) Values for 6 11. 565 60. 7000 5. 4060 36. 7898 97. 4898 7. 9290 samples St. error 4. 4361 1. 8938 White Egg (Tangail) Values for 6 11. 3587 62. 594 0. 7730 5. 2602 67. 6197 5. 4996 samples St. error 2. 4524 0. 4713 Brown Egg (Gazipur) Values for 6 6. 8734 37. 7349 1. 755 11. 4023 49. 1372 3. 9964 samples St. error 2. 0868 0. 6178 White Egg (Gazipur) Values for 6 5. 9167 32. 4825 2. 2874 15. 666 48. 0491 3. 9079 samples St. error 2. 1738 1. 2855 Brown Egg Values for 120. 7702 4. 2285 5. 4222 36. 9002 41. 1288 3. 451 (Narayanganj) samples St. error 0. 4071 1. 9852 Brown Egg (Munshigonj)Values for 1211. 3360 62. 2346 8. 8177 60. 0079 122. 2426 9. 9421 samples St. rror 2. 3649 2. 7654 utmost permissible limit in chicken meat is 0. 1 g /g and in chicken fat is 0. 1 g /g(1). The average statistics for all egg samples are presented in Table 3. Table 3 Statistics of all egg samples Total sample number 192 Mean 8. 1611 Std. wrongdoing of Mean 0. 5253 Minimum ND* Maximum 34. 5637 * = Not detected The average lead (Pb) contamination picture in commercially produced liquid milks in Bangladesh is presented in Table 4.Table 4 Pb contamination picture in liquid milks in Bangladesh Sample classes Average density Volume as packed, mLAverage Pb Standard error Average total Pb concentration in in packet, g sample, g/mL Aarong white 1. 0207 250 0. 8102 0. 2451 202. 500 Aarong chocolate 1. 0511 200 1. 5344 0. 2675 306. 8800 Aarong mango 1. 0554 200 0. 9447 0. 3961 188. 9400 Milkvita whit e 1. 0226 250 0. 9739 0. 3212 243. 4750 Milkvita chocolate 1. 0548 200 1. 2925 0. 6512 258. 5000 RD white 1. 193 230 1. 9657 0. 1987 452. 1110 RD mango 1. 0523 200 1. 6984 0. 4812 339. 6800 RD banana 1. 0552 200 1. 209 0. 5012 241. 8000 Amo white 1. 0257 250 1. 4943 0. 1246 373. 5750 Amo chocolate 1. 0577 200 0. 181 0. 1789 163. 6200 Amo mango 1. 0619 200 0. 8997 0. 8047 179. 9400 Pran white 1. 0256 200 1. 2886 1. 0079 257. 7200 Starship chocolate 1. 0508 200 4. 7589 1. 4347 951. 7800 Maximum permissible limit in milks is 0. 02 g /mL(1). The average statistics for all milk samples are presented in Table 5.Table 5 Statistics of all milk samples Total sample number 39 Mean 1. 5145 Std. Error of Mean 0. 2165 Minimum ND Maximum 7. 0713 Standard for lead (Pb) content of milk and poultry products Comparing the obtained data from the egg and milk samples with the standards throttle in Codex general standard for contaminants and toxins in foods (CODEX STAN 193-1995 , Rev. -2006), it is evident that these foods are heavily contaminated with Pb in Bangladesh. In case of both egg and milk, the average Pb levels are about hundred propagation higher than the maximum permissible limits whereas the maximum respective values are quite large. 1. CODEX STAN 193-1995, Rev. 2-2006. http//www. codexalimentarius. net/web/index_en. jsp 2. Kebbekus, B. B. , and S. Mitra. (1998). Environmental chemical analysis. (Blackie schoolman & Professional, London). pic

Frequent Shopper Program Essay

The objective of this pop disclose request is to track corrupts of individual guests. The customer purchases depart be tracked and accumulated as loyalty points for redemption by the customer for gift items, specialty foods and other(a) products or serves as make available by dint of partnerships with other external companies. The strategic purpose of the public Shopper computer programme is described on the Sales & Marketing page of the Kudler elegant Foods Intranet site. Purpose Kudlerss new initiative is tracking purchase demeanor at the individual customer level and providing high value incentives through a partnership with a loyalty points program.The customer purchase conduct patterns exit help Kudler refine its processes and offerings to best satisfy their set customers. expense is not the primary differentiating factor for Kudler consumers these consumers are foc apply on choice and finding specialized items. Therefore, rather than providing everyday discount s to the customers for their purchase frequency homogeneous lower end markets, Kudler has partnered with a loyalty points program to provide customers with points which ass be geted for high end gift items, air railway first-class mail upgrades, or other specialty foods. Technology Infrastructure and ArchitectureThe avocation sections of this document testament provide an overview of the ironware, network, software, entropybases, and security measure requirements for the frequent shopper program. These requirements are revelatory Hardware Platform Kudler Fine Foods currently has an elaborate network of hardware that may be employ to implement the frequent shopper program. Client-Side hardware1. apiece store uses NCR RealPOS 82XRT terminals linked to the network through a POS server. (These terminals volition be use during purchasing to initiate information allurement including customer ID and purchase history data for the FSP) 2.The nineteen (at present count) corporat e management and other admin personnel all utilize Dell Vostro computers running Windows 7 OS. These judicial outline personnel also share 3 HP networked printers. (In relation to the FSP, these computers will be employ by management to query and analyze customer purchase history for air service refinement. )Server-Side Hardware 1. POS Servers- are utilize to process orders from the POS terminals and connect to the Kudler network for database file storage 2. HP firebrand Server system- c3000 system, Unix OS, SAP Retail SW, Print/File, Communications, Email, Storage, Web. These Servers will be used to store data regarding individual customer purchase history and queried for business analysis as well as loyalty points addition and redemption. ) meshing Platform 1. Each of the three Kudler Stores has a Local Area interlock which connects together Via T3 Dedicated high speed lines. 2. Each stores LAN is connected via 100 base T Ethernet. The communications into and out of the st ores is ported through 2 Cisco routers and firewalls. 3. Each Local Area intercommunicate is also connected to the profits via 25Mbps high speed business internet connections. 4. Network Diagrams (Shown Below)Software developing Tools 1. The rat Shopper Program is an additional service that will be implemented in conjunction with the exist schooling Technology System used throughout Kudler Fine Foods. Because of the complexity and functionality of the existing system, it is recommended that the use of AGILE development methodologies be used to develop the FSP system and merge the use into the existing system. 2. Visual Studio 2012- This Integrated Development Environment will be used to develop the application staffs and user interfaces for the FSP development. 3. The code will be implemented in the C language. (used for module development) b. ASP. NET & MVC used to develop dynamic, interactive web based application for customers to access, monitor, and redeem loyalty poin tsDatabases 1- node Table The Customer Table contains demographic data for for each one of Kudlers customers. The data in this table is used to access the name and address of customers for order processing and for special mailings for anniversaries and/or birth dates, and so forth Order Table The Order Table is used to record information pertinent to each Order placed with a given store. Each order will have one or more entries in the Order reap Table associated with it. 3- Order Line Table The Order Line table contains detail on items seem on an order. One or more Order Lines are associated with each order and each Order Line references an item being purchased with its description, quantity, price, etc. 4- Item Table The Item Table stores information pertaining to products that may come along on an order. It describes goods that can be purchased from a Store.The current database tables can be re-used and combined to create the FSPoints Table The FSPoints table ( customary Shopper Points table), will include the Customer ID and all correlating information, Item purchase history, and Item Points Value. The sum of all points values will be expressed and added to the Customers redeemable points at the end of each FSP period. User Interfaces Describe the interface for data collection and notification to store personnel and customers.1. The initial User Interface will remain the same at the point of sale(POS). Additional software will be added to initialize the FSP on applicable motion.Software modules will be initialized as needed that will collect the CustomerID as well as the individual items purchased. 2. Web Applications Through the use of the aforementioned tools including ASP. NET and MVC, an interactive web application will be available to registered customers, and personnel to access, review, and redeem loyalty points. There will be an exclusive page created for the Frequent Shopper Program. Controls System accuracy checks will be in place to h old in unique CustomerIDs at the POS terminals. Every customer that participates in the Frequent Shopper Program will have a unique customerID.Each exploit will begin by entering this identifier which when verified for accuracy will begin collecting item purchase data. Each item is scanned at the POS, and compared to its corresponding FSPoints table to add loyalty points to the Customers FSPoint record. If the CustomerID or any items purchased to not register in the verification processing system, an exception will be returned to notify the customer and cashier at the time of purchase. Each transaction will close with a printed receipt listing the order line information, as well as the points accumulated at that transaction.A points descend may be requested via the internet based Frequent Shopper Program Web application on the Kudler Fine Foods website. Security The necessary security mechanisms need to be in place when storing and moving most data entities, especially Customer pe rsonal information. Hashing and encryption techniques will be used when sensitive data is stored in all data stores, and skillful data transfer protocols (e. g. , SSL, HTTPS, and WS-Security) will be used when data is Personal randomness will be secured through the use of data encryption methods and secure networking protocols when data is transmitted over the network.

What makes a good Entrepreneur?

Strengths I am devout at charge brace in uncorrec slacken situations. Keeping calm is primary(prenominal) when footrace a billet, things may go wrong and you may be in about bad predicaments, film aimly it is forever vital to be calm. I make believe exhibitionn my skills of being calm when take oning as a sales assistant in 3 as a sales assistant in a restless phone shop in that location eachow be a piling of sight coming in godforsaken with complaints about, or even scatty to send their phones to the repairs, when these situations happen it is of exclusively time essential to keep calm beca character the client is always spell in a byplay. similarly if you atomic number 18 non calm when a customer make it abouts in and they ar angry, it could affect the business as the customer would non recommend the shop, or they would non ejaculate back and it is always heavy to gather in loyal customers. Good attendingI for hasten always be where I contrac t to be, if I verbalise I am tone ending to attend or if I am supposed to attend I leave behind always be present, because I do non like to miss vital information or miss out and the catch up later. Id rather primary information than secondary information, because I to a lower placestand much than when heard from the someone explaining.Good individualizedityI am always supportive, and intelligent if I am at acetify I never rich person a dull attitude I do what I maintain to do and I enjoy what I do, I do not do anything that I do not think I result enjoy. I do tout ensemble I have to, to the best of my mights never half hearted. Customers love me because I love to land to bonk modern quite a little, work in a phone phone line it is important to solelyow to bang the customer so you cigaret propose them with a phone that will suite them best. Im always smiling, do not hold grudges and tail never be angry for long time. I think this would make me a good i nitiativer because whatever I am hit with I never hatch on it I get up and move on The top executive to work as part of a aggroup up up as tumesce as on my haveWeakness OrganisationI am not rattling good at organisation I do not final cause ahead onwards time or keep things that I think I may study in the future. I demand to work on keeping tout ensemble important documents together so when I need them it is not hard to find, to a fault I need to be open to plan ahead, set myself a plan or a time table sothat I can do things systematically then doing things all jumbled up and not remembering what I have to do and what I have done. PunctualityMy punctuality is not as good as my attendance, I always make sure Im there but some(a)times ascribable to my bad organisation I will end up running late because I have not organise, what I needed for the morning, the night before. I am good and at estimating what time I need to leave to get to somewhere on time.Management skil lsI have not git much management skills, I am able to lead a group however I do not think I am advanced or organised enough to manage a full-page team. As managing a whole need is a shell out or equilibrise responsibility, with I would need much acquaintance to do.I.T skillsI alike need more experience and more dressing in IT Skills, ask they are good but nor excellent, it is good to have I.T skills as the pieces technology is forward-moving and soon everything will be electrical, so if my skills are very good now, I can be learning as technology advances, so that I will not be extremely behind. Opportwholeies for dilatement Asking for helpAsking for help could help me rather a lot because I have a lot of people around me at all times, so asking for help with all the things I am bad at could hopefully, teach me how to do things best and get me into a routine. Writing things downAlso for development I could begin to write things down more in a diary, and then I can rememb er things more and know where things are. When writing things down it makes everything more high-octane and you will always have evidence to go back to and show specific dates. As an enterpriser it good to remember dates when you started a new idea, what day your new stock arrives etc.TrainingTo improve my management and I.T skills I will need some training and experience, as I.T skills you have to learn because there is a lot to computing, and technology is improving, so it is ggod to be update with I.Tskills. Also as I am release to be running my own business I need to learn how to manage a larger group of people, larger amount of money and documents. MentorA mentor will be a lot of help, someone who is older than me that can give me some tips on how to run a and manage a business, someone that can support you and teach you what to do and what not to do, as they have had experience and training to do this.Threats- New technology As technology is advancing all the time, and to stay up to date with all the necessary technology, a lot of money needs to be spent, even starting up the business I would need to buy a lot of technology, such(prenominal)(prenominal) as computers for the tills, CCTV cameras, TV screens and iPads for attraction and grocery storeing.CompetitionAnother threat is my competition, greathearted stores worldwide such as JD Sport, Footlocker and Schuh as they are much bigger stores and more known to the public, those places will be the first choice, however our store will appeal to more unique individuals.Recession A recession is a very big threat because if there is a recession, then the prices will have to go up and the customers will find it difficult to do some shopping, employers could even demand a higher salary due to prices of everything else going out.Personal development plan Skills The ability to do a certain labour swell up, something that is learnt to perfection with a lot of practice. Attributes A quality, property or cha racteristics of mortal or something, it is not something you gain. Skills I need to manage my business properly Type of skill Why is this relevant to the business? Are you efficient in this skill? Yes/No Explain why? How can I intend to develop this skill Good CommunicationGood communication is very important in a business, as you will need to speak to the customers, to find out what they like and need when doing market research. When a business has good customer divine services customers all feel likely obligated to come back because the get treated so well, mitigate that our competition, communication skills is not only essential with consumers but alike with the mental faculty, good communication with your staff will make the business flow very well a staff will be more confidence in what they do because there has been an established understanding, YesMore experience can develop these skills, more disturb with customers in a work place will defiantly enkindle my communica tion skills Presenting SkillsThe ability to present an idea to a group of people is very important it can take you from a small business to a worldwide business so it is important not on to have good presenting skills but to have good persuasive skills also. YesManagement SkillsManagement skills are relevant in a business, are I am going to be the manager of the business I need to be able to run he business to success. I also need to know how to organise a business, hire people and make the right decisions and when he wrong decisions are do how to recover and get better. No, because I have never been a manager, hover I have been a team leader so I just need more training and experience. Training, Experience and Mentoring, all these things will help me to become a better manger. Book-keeping and accountancyThis is relevant to run my business, as I need to keep get over of everything that is going on in the business, so that there is always evidence, also accounting skills are relev ant just to make sure that everything is running well in the business and not relying on an accountant, which is a lot of cash loss, and even if an account is hired it is always good to twicecheck.No, as I am not used to book keeping, also I have only just started an accounting course and need more experience in that subject. Read more financial books, and get used to writing things down in a diary all the time.Attributes I need to manage my business properly Type of portion Why is this relevant to the business? Are you competent in this refer? Yes/No Explain why? How can I intend to develop this attribute Good personalityA good personality is one of my best attributes I have a positive attitude in everything I do, I am never negative is anything that I do, never accept unsuccessful person and never give up, do everything to the best of my ability. YesAlways keep a positive mind and always keep organised, do not let things overload, mount up and stress outCommitmentThis is imp ortant because it is never good to give up, always give 100% in running a business, and give all time and dedication to make it work. Give everything you need to make it work, if it fails assay again, have a lot of persistence and put in a lot of hard work, to make your business successful. YesBalancing Responsibilities beingness able to do this will keep the business running smoothly and keeping everything on track, balancing responsibilities I will be able to have a personal life away from my business organizationer life and be able to care of them both and not one more attention than the other. No, because Im not very good a balancing my prioritiesLean to graceful deadlines and know when its time to work and play. self-assuranceIt is important to be confident(p) when running a business, as drastic decisions need to be made and if there is no confidence the decisions will not be made. Confidence is needed to present well and to make changes in the business, No, I am not used t o standing up in front of big crowdsDo more training in leadership, and aim for higher roles such as class president or vice president.What Makes a Good enterpriser?The terms enterpriser, manager and owner are very much in meaning yet exhibit antithetic representations of business people who are present at the top management. Entrepreneur is a person who sets up a new organization or enterprise and accounts for accountability on his part of the risks that could come onto his shoulders for one reason or the other. When the discussion is of the for- gain organizations, the entrepreneur term replaces itself with founder.(Versi, 1999) This person is responsible for establishing a new entity or unit so that the establishment could provide an existing product or service into the form of a single new market, which could have a profit or non-profit result. The entrepreneurs have strong insights as regards to the opportunities that exist inside the market and the threats that come as a re sult of the very same. The risks that could arise in the wake of these include personal, financial or professional ones so that prospect could be grabbed with both hands.(Martin, 1997) In different societies, the business entrepreneurs are regarded as the pivotal components of a social order. (Covin, 1999) Entrepreneur manages and runs an organization and manages the different undertakings of the enterprise. This enterprise could be a business which is normally associated with peculiar initiatives and foreseeable risks. An entrepreneur is also an employer of productive work or in other quarrel of labor. He is also the contractor who deals with or initiates the process of entrepreneurship.The entrepreneur is the person who is responsible for running the system which is in place in a normal process. He is the one who organizes the whole process. Entrepreneur creates or sells a product and/or service so that he could earn a considerable profit/benefit. The entrepreneur is the risk be arer and an organizer within the business enterprise. More than anything else, an entrepreneur is a leader by slip definition. An entrepreneur wants to achieve high since his ambitions are always at the top.He is a person who believes in dedication and hard work. (Drucker, 1985) These people like to work for their own selves rather than working for some other business. They believe in quality of work and take acceptance for responsibility which is a stylemark of a true leader. These entrepreneurs believe in a positive procession and give rewards whenever they deem fit. Their thinking is more on the lines of providing excellence towards work and they are good organizers as far as work morality are concerned.They want to make a profit and this profit helps them to happen upon more and more in their passage towards success and achievements. (Ramsay, 2004) Some of the well known entrepreneurs have included names like Ben Cohen of the Ben & Jerrys grump Cream, Elisha Otis related w ith elevators, Ted Turner with the media field, Sam Walton concerned with the departmental stores and at long last Alan Sugar with the science of computers. (Watkins, 1998) Effective entrepreneurs know how to make use of their team members and during this while contribute in their own capacity towards team building.Entrepreneurial force within an organization could be improved if there is a common understanding that the entrepreneurs know their work well and also discern the exact basis for the workers who fall short on the knowledge curve. This would enable them to get the best out of these individuals and turn them into the strengths within the shortest possible time. (Versi, 2006) What spiral of knowledge does is to increase the awareness level of the entrepreneurs when it comes to their working methodologies and the ways and means done which they bring value to the different processes and activities of the organization.(Gannon, 1987)The knowledge organization makes best use of the knowledge that it has and it does not let go on the opportunities which come in its way every now and then. There is a definitive need to outline the salient points which a entrepreneur must know in order to get the work done from the knowledge base and and so the whole of the knowledge organization and it is only when there is a work of knowledge activities and the entrepreneurial stiffness.(Halal, 1996)team building is one of the most significant aspects that come under the functions of an entrepreneur and he needs to make sure that he is the leader for all the activities and tasks that are happening under his vigilant eyes. Team building is all the more important because the entrepreneur needs to take decisions in line with the knowledge that his team can deliver under crunch situations and also because he has to take the company forward all this while.Thus it is imperative on his part to understand that the strengths and weaknesses of the team members are as crucial a nd his requirement takes more ground in this whole compare when a difficult situation crops up. (Hocker, 2001) Thus a good team is only built when the leader (entrepreneur) knows his team members pretty well and turns the weaknesses of different individuals within the team into their strengths and not only that but also in the strength of the team overall.(Harper, 2003)An entrepreneur can only be termed an effective one when he understands his resources and what his team members can possibly do to their level best in those available resources. Only then there is a signified of empathy and understanding amongst the team members and consideration towards the leader of the team which in this guinea pig is the entrepreneur himself. Thus, a good team is developed when there is get it on harmony in the activities of the team members and there is basically a synergy amongst all of them.This synergy can only be encouraged by the team leader, which in this case is through an effective a nd considerate entrepreneur. (El-Amin, 2003) Being labeled as an entrepreneur is a social stigma, more so in the West where the same is attached with social injustice and culpable etiquettes. In addition, being called as an entrepreneur of some business or corporation asks for the person to be termed as a tyrannical convention who is ruling the lives of the employees and workers working under him. Oppression and entrepreneurship thus end up being each others synonyms.On the other hand, being called as an entrepreneur of an enterprise would be looked upon at in a very esteemed and reputable manner within a third world nation. (Economy, 2003) There are differences in the cultural mechanisms so as to speak. A conflict within an organization can take place due to differing personalities of the employees or in their attitudes that lead in their linkage with each other. This could also happen due to their norms and behaviors which might not be liked by any one party (person) and thus l ead to a conflict of thoughts, ideas, actions and eventual behaviors towards each other.There is a degree of power when we speak of the entrepreneur in terms of the same over his subordinate or the employee who is working under him in a direct or an indirect capacity. In the end, it would be proper to state here that if the entrepreneurs are true to their jobs and know what they expect from the workers working under them, then it is duty bound on the part of these employees to be truthful about their work and apprise the entrepreneur as to where they have been lacking and what plus points have thus been achieved.(Rogers, 2001)All said and done it is to the entrepreneur himself as to how best he can walk along the workers on those lines and till what extent he can drag in them but in the name of a genuine organizational gain. A good entrepreneur can only be made if he is respected by one and all. (Milner, 2004)

Intelligence Led-Policing Essay

The practice of law institution has undergone major changes aimed at make its public. These changes date back to aggressive cops to the modern day police whose are guided by the rule of law (Ratcliffe, 2003, p 3). Introduced in the slow 20th century, community policing focused on restoration of police genuineness through community participation. It aimed at re-connecting the police institution to the public (Ratcliffe, 2003, p 4). Various researches indicate that it failed to provide measurable results.Consequently other models including occupation lie policing, Compstat and most recently, intelligence based policing (ILP) have emerged. Problem oriented policing involves use of statistical trends in identification of areas of interest. Compstat on the other go past focuses on empowerment of middle level officers to rapidly respond to crime. fundamentally it involves crime mapping, viewing and discussion. The most recent, ILP is an initiative at making the police smarter. It is founded on the use of criminal intelligence by the police in fighting crime (Ratcliffe, 2003, p 6).Emerging as a elevated and unique initiative that attempts at understanding criminal environments and thus telephone its occurrence and trends, the initiative is increasingly gaining popularity. Unlike the other models, ILP does not regard the popular reactive and investigate approaches in fighting crime except rather focuses on early identification hence prevention (Ratcliffe, 2003, p 6). It ensures that police actions are based on intelligence rather than intuition. ILP emerges as an alternative in organizational restructuring towards crime eradication.It is a result of changing crime faces and the transnational crime emergence alongside globalization, electronic financial transactions and internet in addition to police demand scuttle and failures of the existing policing models (Ratcliffe, 2003, p 6). The major similarity of this model to the previous models is the cause. severally aims to reduce crime marginal through either prevention or reactionary techniques. However, the approaches the take differ enormously. While the earlier models focused on either reacting to crime or cause identification, this model focuses on understanding the crime and the criminal mind as the basis for criminal fight.

“Jane Eyre” and “Hard Times” as Bildungsroman Novels Essay

The traditional Bildungsroman new(a) is autobiographical in chassis and displays similarities with the fountains own animatenessspan, mostly with regard to childhood experiences. The novel displays a single individuals growth and development at bottom the context of a delineate affectionate sight. In most cases the protagonist is orphaned and experiences some form of loss or discontentedness in order to spur them out positioning from the family home or setting. The bringing up of the main slip is a nonher aspect, which is aliveness-and-death to their growth and development at heart the novel. It states in Todd (1980 161) 1. that?Ideally Bildungsroman heroes, who continue to surveil their own adolescent ideals and inclinations, atomic number 18 expected to conform eventually to a predetermined individualism and be hail integrated with the corporation whose set are creating and molding them.Charles daemon wrote Great Expectations and described pullulates childhoo d experiences in unfit(p) detail. It has been argued that most of the child mentions Dickens portrayed in his novels resembled that of his own childhood experiences. Like spot, Dickens received genuinely little in the decently smart of clod breeding.Charlotte Bronte uses many similarities in Jane Eyre that could be argued resemble her own experiences. She in any case like that of Jane was the daughter of a clergyman and was sent to a train called Norwood, which bares many similarities with that of Lowood. She also became a governess and this suggests that her own experience of a nerve center class dressing woman fighting to discern a keister in puritanic beau monde was used to express her own views of life in that of Jane Eyre.In Great Expectations, inject is typical of the main fictional character in a Bildungsroman novel, as he is an orphan. smirch is brought up in a working class environment with his older sister and her husband, Joe Gargery. Pip rejects Joe as a substitute father and looks on him as to a greater extent of a friend. This is evident in the passage when Joe states?you and me is always friends (12ch.2) 2. The absence of a father figure for Pip reinforces the need for him to find some consciousness of identity and belonging in society.The possibility of a better life becomes apparent to Pip on his first meeting with Estella and Mrs. Haversham at Satis House. It is at this put in the novel that Pip realises for the first time that he is of a lower social status. It is evident that Pip is aware of his social status when he says I had never thought of being vile of my hands forwards barely I began to consider them a real different pair (60ch.8) 3.In Jane Eyre, at a time again the main character is typical of the Bildungsroman. Jane is an orphan living with her relatives, the beating-reed instruments. However she is brought up in a middle class society and is moveed that she is an outcast. Janes jumble with her ide ntity and place in society began before she was born, with her mother marrying a unretentive clergyman, who was considered beneath her by her family.Jane also experiences conflict within class structures in society. This is evident when the Reeds attempt to bully and suppress Jane at every hazard they can, reminding her that she has no silver that she can right in full call her own. Janes struggle is non totally to find a place in society but also to find a place in society as a woman. Jane is aware from an early age that she has no role as a female of her social status, while trick Reed is fully aware of his importance as a male. Thus Janes educational growth begins when she is unjustly locked in the red room at Gateshead and is sent away to Lowood to be educated. Once again although Jane receives a formal education, she go intos on her own educational growth in life towards maturity date and finding an acceptable place in society.Janes struggle and discontentment is evid ent in the various stages of the novel. Firstly as already verbalise at Gateshead and again at Lowood, where she was subjected to terrible humiliation and degradation at the hands of the Reverend Brocklehurst. It seems that Bronte was suggesting that all men in society, even sanctum men, treated woman unjustly. Even Janes relationship with Rochester at Thornfield remind Jane that as a middle class woman, who had to earn her own living, she did not fit into conventional society.Being a governess meant that Jane was educated to the extent of a lady but beingpaid a salary specify her almost at the level of the servants. Even though Jane issues Rochester she is not lively to become his mistress, as he is already married to Bertha, leaving Jane no alternative but to leave Thornfield to embark on the next stage of her journey within the novel. It is clear that she was searching for her own identity when she states to Rochester?I tell you I must go?Do you think I can stay to become not hing to you? Do you think that I am an automaton? ?a machine without feelings? And can bear to hurl my morsel of bread snatched from my lips, and my drop of living water dashed from my loving cup? Do you think, because I am poor, obscure, plain, and little, I am soulless and obdurate? You think wrong (252ch 23) 4.Whilst at Moor House, Janes relationship with St antic Rivers, once again reminds Jane of her status within society. She is not in love with St John and he is not with her but he still tries to stamp down Jane by expecting her to marry him and accompany him as a missionarys wife to Africa. Jane is not prepared to marry him and is well aware of the implications if she is to go away with him, as a friend. Although Jane struggles to find her rightful place in society she always believes that she is equal to those around her.Pips education begins not in the formal sense of the word but within his own personal growth. He feels sure that if he were to become a gentleman, it would make him a better person and he would better himself within society. His ultimate goal is to become a gentleman and win Estellas love. It is this desire that makes Pip unhappy with his life at the prepare and the prognosis of becoming a mere blacksmith.Pips education was very limited and although he was sent to evening school whilst he apprenticed to Joe, he learnt more in terms of a formal education from Biddy. He states?At last I began, in a blind groping way, to read, write and cipher (44ch7) 5.Pips education is again typical of the Bildungsroman in that he is unassisted and self-educated. His desire to leave the cook is fulfilled when he is visited by Mr. Jaggers, who tells Pip of his inheritance and themysterious help, whom Pip believes is Miss Haversham. This becomes evident in the novel when Pip states?Miss Haversham was dismissal to make my fortune on a grand scale (138ch18) 6.This reposition from poor working class to a rich gentleman is once again typical of the Bildungsroman but not in the traditional sense. unremarkably a man has to work to earn his money and become a gentleman, which is contrary to the way that Pip has earned his fortune. Pips inheritance changes Pip from a likeable innocent character into one that desires surrealistic expectations for his life. Due to his good fortune, Pip now looks down on his family as beneath him and considers Joe to be common and uneducated. This is evident when he tells Biddy that Joe? Is sooner backward in some things. For instance in his learning and his readiness. (148ch19) 7.Janes material wealth is once again inherited but this is in the final stages of her development as a character within the novel. This is where the similarities end between Jane and Pip, concerning money. Jane is fully aware of the value of money since she has had to work to provide for herself. By inheriting she manages to secure her rightful place in society. Pip however does not know the true value of money and t hinks that it is the answer to all his problems. His snobbery becomes evident when he realises that his true supporter is Magwitch, the convict, who he encounters in the first stage of the novel. On realising this fact he is disgusted that his benefactor is a murderer, a twist in the novel, which seems to learn Pip a lesson around gentleman in society. Pip realises that money does not make you a gentleman and real gentleman hasten qualities, which money cannot buy.Once again as seen with Jane Eyre, Pip leaves his home to embark on a journey of education, leaving the forge, which is situated, on the marshes, near the Thames for capital of the United Kingdom. once more this conforms to the typical Bildungsroman novel, where the main character pull up stakes embark on a journey, usually leaving a small provincial town for the big city, in order to find his trade or occupation. Often this will be a disappointing experience, where hopes and dreams are shattered and a actualisation o f what they had left behind them was not so bad. Although with Pip he does not work when he gets to London, Jane has towork as a governess in order to survive.It is in London that Pip embarks on the next stage of his educational growth, in order to find his real self. Pip squanders his money socializing in order to establish himself as a gentleman but by doing this he only succeeds in getting himself and his roommate, Herbert Pocket into unspoilt financial difficulty. Pip feels sure that Mrs. Haversham intends him to marry Estella and the realisation that this is not so, does not enter Pips head until his encounter with Magwitch in London. Pip states?Miss Havershams intentions towards me, all a mere dream Estella not designed for me I only suffered in Satis House as a convenience. (323ch39) 8.Once again the similarity with Jane becomes apparent in that Pip experiences shame in matters of love. This conforms to the Bildungsroman, where the individual will encounter love affairs or sexual encounters within their educational journey, which are disastrous.In the final stages of the novel there is usually, according to the traditional Bildungsroman, a lesson to be learned before the character is fully matured. Pip learns just how wrong he was about what qualities make a true gentleman. This is apparent when he finds out his benefactor is Magwitch, the murderer. Although at first this was a shock for Pip, he realises just how very much Magwitch has sacrificed for him by returning to England and risking capture by the police. Pip also feels guilty about the way he has snubbed Joe when he came to see him in London and the fact that he felt ashamed of him. This embarrassment was evident when he stated that?If I could have kept him away by remunerative money, I certainly would have paid money (218ch27) 9.Pip realises the misplay of his ways and tries to make amends by helping Magwitch escape his captures. He also finds out that Estella is Magwiths daughter, which is ironic as Estella frowned upon the working classes, only to be the offspring of something far worse, a criminal. Although Magwitch dies, Pip was by his side and gave him comfort in his last hours. After his illness he returns to the forge to Joe and Biddy, penniless since the crownreclaimed his inheritance. He has learnt a valuable lesson and has come full circle by returning to his roots without a penny, fully matured and understanding the real qualities of a gentleman.Jane also returns to her roots by attending the side of her Aunt Reed at her deathbed, only to find that the Reeds have suffered and lost most of their wealth at the hands of John Reed. John Reed has received his comeuppance and died at an early age. When Jane inherits her Uncles money and discovers who her real family are, she returns to Rochester only to find out that he has been maim in the fire at Thornfield. It seems that Jane has also returned to her past to find rapture with Rochester. She is now a lady a nd is accepted as Rochesters wife in society. Jane had to be a woman in her own right in order to be able to conform to society. Although Jane has fought for most of her life against the social order, in the end she does not challenge but sanctions the value of society.Dickens and Bronte both express strong opinions in their novels about nice society. Dickens implies through the development of Pip that middle class values were hypocritical. He suggests that moral values such as generosity and kind-heartedness were far more important than being rich and powerful. Dickens reinforces this by allowing Pip to become rich and then lose his money. If Dickens had allowed Pip to stay wealthy, then he would not have been able to accentuate his point to the reader.He also questions moral values through the character of Magwitch. He illustrates that people of low social status are assailable of possessing better qualities than that of the rich and powerful, who were considered to be far su perior as benignant beings. By doing this he goes one step further and insinuates that the justice dust is corrupt. He does this through the character of Magwitch, who is killed at the hands of the law and possesses the qualities that Dickens promotes.Bronte suggests that patriarchal society was hypocritical since men preached values that they could not uphold themselves. The rules were made by men and were allowed to be broken by men. Rochester is allowed to take mistresses, which is accepted in society but if had Jane become his mistress, she wouldhave been considered an vile woman. Brocklehurst expected the patrons of his school to look plain, yet his own wife and children were decked with frills and curls. Bronte suggests that Victorian society promoted values that were one sided and treated women unjustly.